Influence of Low Temperature Treatments on the Germination of Seeds of Sweet Clover and Smooth Vetch<sup>1</sup>

Dunn, L. E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1939.00021962003100080004x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…() tested different seed sources but did not report specific cultivar information. The amount of viable seed we found is far less than those reported by Dunn () who reported the prevalence of hard seeds to be upwards of 15% from hairy vetch grown in Oregon. Selections in breeding, which have removed some physical dormancy in these modern cultivars, could explain the decrease in numbers of hard seed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

et al. 2019

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Summary Hairy vetch is a widely adopted cover crop in the United States. However, hairy vetch can become weedy in subsequent crops as seeds germinate after the cover crop growing season, which is largely attributed to seed dormancy. We conducted two field experiments to determine seed germination, viability and seed production phenology of two common hairy vetch cultivars in Blacksburg and Blackstone, Virginia, US. ‘Groff’ and ‘Purple Bounty’ seed were sown in October 2015 and May 2016 and germination was tracked until June 2017. Subsequently, ungerminated seeds were tested for viability. Both cultivars had <2% germination after the initial germination period, and <1% of seed recovered was still viable at the end of the experiments. We also conducted experiments to determine when these cultivars produce viable seed. Hairy vetch seeds were counted and tested for germination in the spring. Both cultivars produced seed beginning in late‐May, but most seed were not viable until mid‐June in Virginia. Our results indicate that seed dormancy is not the primary cause of hairy vetch weediness in subsequent crops as nearly all germination, 99% of the total germinated seed, occurred during the cover crop growing season. Also, if complete termination occurs before mid‐June in Virginia, it is unlikely viable seed will be added to the seed bank. To better utilise this cover crop species, cultivar selection and proper termination are important to prevent weediness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

et al. 2019

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“…Harrington (1916) came to the same conclusion, namely that germination was induced by a chilling period followed by alternating temperatures with one temperature below 10°C. Dunn (1939) showed that moist storage at low temperature did not cause a higher germination at room temperature for seeds of Melilotus albus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal cycles in the germination capacity of buried seeds of some Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

2003

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Summary• The influence of seasonal factors on the germination of impermeable seeds of Fabaceae was studied. Seeds of 14 herbaceous species were buried for up to 2.5 yr and exposed to natural seasons. At regular intervals, seeds were exhumed and germination was tested in four different temperature regimes. Some species had a very low percentage germination regardless of season, others germinated predominantly in the autumn.• Six species showed a marked seasonal cycle with high germination percentages in spring and very low percentages in other seasons. The results of the burial experiment were similar to the pattern of seedling emergence in field conditions.• High percentage germination in spring could be simulated in controlled conditions for Melilotus albus , Medicago lupulina , Lotus corniculatus , Trifolium pratense and T. repens . Seeds of T. pratense had a high percentage germination after cold treatment, whereas seeds of the other four species were brought to germination by chilling for 8 wk followed by exposure to daily alternating temperatures (15/6 ° C or 20/10 ° C). Without previous chilling, these seeds did not respond to the alternating temperatures.• At least for some legume species, a combination of temperature treatments may act as a signal for seeds and induce water uptake and germination. If the temperature requirements are not fulfilled, seeds remain impermeable and dormant until the next favourable season.

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“…Physical dormancy increases the resistance to microbiological infection (Dalling et al 2011), extends the vitality of the seeds (Mohamed-Yasseen et al 1994) and is favourable for maintaining the soil seed bank (Shen-Miller et al 1995). To break physical dormancy of seeds, the activity of microorganisms or high (fires) and low (frost) temperature cues are required (Dunn 1939;Cremer and Mount 1965;Dell 1980, Waldron et al 2007. When the seed coat is damaged, water enters the seed and thereby initiates the process of germination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thermal-time artificial scarification on the germination dynamics of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seeds

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of methods for the artificial scarification of black locust seeds based on the influence of the air and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Three populations were selected for the analyses: a managed tree stand, a selected seed stand and a seed orchard. Samples of 200 seeds (4 9 50) were randomly selected. Before scarification, the seeds were stored at -70°C for 24 h. Nine different scarification treatments were evaluated. To calculate the germination capacity and the dynamics of germination, observations were made on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after treatment. For statistical analyses, we used repeated measures analysis of variance. The obtained results indicated that the highest scarification efficiency for black locust seeds occurred in the treatment in liquid nitrogen and in an air temperature range of 85-90°C. The provenance of seeds had a significant effect on the dynamics of germination. Thermal methods and the use of liquid nitrogen can be alternatives to the labour intensive methods of cutting the seeds or using measures that require specialised equipment.

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Influence of Low Temperature Treatments on the Germination of Seeds of Sweet Clover and Smooth Vetch¹

Cited by 11 publications

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Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

Seasonal cycles in the germination capacity of buried seeds of some Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

Effects of thermal-time artificial scarification on the germination dynamics of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seeds

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Influence of Low Temperature Treatments on the Germination of Seeds of Sweet Clover and Smooth Vetch1

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

Influence of hairy vetch seed germination and maturation on weediness in subsequent crops

Seasonal cycles in the germination capacity of buried seeds of some Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

Effects of thermal-time artificial scarification on the germination dynamics of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seeds

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Influence of Low Temperature Treatments on the Germination of Seeds of Sweet Clover and Smooth Vetch¹