Influence of Low-Temperature Charge on the Mechanical Integrity Behavior of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Subject to Lateral Compression

Abstract

The study on the damage tolerance and failure mechanism of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) subject to mechanical attack has attracted considerable attention. The electrochemical performance and thermal behavior of LIB were significantly affected by operation temperature and charging rate, but the dependence of these two factors on mechanical response remains unclear. Hence, we investigated how the environmental temperatures and rates in charging process affected the mechanical response characteristics of 18650 LIB cells. The onset of the short circuit in the cells which charged at temperatures above −25 °C occurred around their modulus peak under compression. At −25 °C, there was a strong possibility that a premature short circuit occurred locally in the cells during charging, thus they might show complex and variable mechanical response under compression. The failure moduli and crushing stresses of cells subject to compression tended to decrease as their ambient charging temperatures went down. Besides, 0.5 C-charged cells exhibited higher failure moduli and crushing stresses than the 1 C-charged cells above −20 °C. Morphology analyses of the cell electrode surfaces revealed that mossy lithium deposits became evident at temperatures below −10 °C. Furthermore, their distribution was uniform. Mechanical results also indicated that the short-term cycling at −20 °C and 0.5 C would soften the cell.

Evaluation Method of Internal Resistance for Repurposing Using Middle and Large-Sized Batteries

“…Battery degradation can be classified into two major categories: cell degradation and connection degradation. Cell degradation is caused by internal chemical changes resulting from the reaction of lithium ions in the cell, and such degradation can be accelerated by abnormal ambient temperatures or high currents [12][13][14]. In detail, various aging factors such as SEI growth on the negative electrode and cracking of the active material on the electrode influence the degradation over a period of use.…”

“…Battery degradation can be classified into two major categories: cell degradation and connection degradation. Cell degradation is caused by internal chemical changes resulting from the reaction of lithium ions in the cell, and such degradation can be accelerated by abnormal ambient temperatures or high currents [12][13][14].…”

Safety Assessment for External Short Circuit of Li-Ion Battery in ESS Application Based on Operation and Environment Factors

“…The high temperature caused by the external short circuit results in the physical deformation of the separator of the battery cell located between the anode and the cathode platforms, and then it leads to an internal short circuit and a serious thermal reaction. Therefore, the battery cell is in thermal runaway, during which the temperature of the battery is rapidly raised, and there is a possibility that a fire or explosion may occur due to the thermal propagation phenomenon [12][13][14][15][16]. The level of risk in the battery in terms of an external short circuit is determined by operational and environmental factors such as SOC, short-circuit resistance, preprocessing temperature and protection devices.…”

Dynamic behavior and modeling of prismatic lithium‐ion battery

“…Study on mechanical behavior of battery mainly focuses on cylindrical LIBs. Compression, [20][21][22][23][24] indentation, 25,26 bending, 27,28 and penetration 29 experiments have been designed for cylindrical LIBs. At the same time, finite element models (FEMs) have been established to calculate the mechanical behavior and internal short circuit trigger of LIBs under mechanical loadings.…”