Influence of Looking at Hazard Lights on Car-Driving Performance

Kitamura, Fumiaki; Matsunaga, Katsuya; Nagao, Isao

doi:10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1059

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The primary problem with flashing lights is they can be confused with the natural affordance of driving with caution, and may not necessarily elicit a stimulus that requires an immediate reaction. For example, research by Kitamura, Matsunaga, and Nagao (1994) performed an applied driving study with the use of hazard lights, and found that drivers tended to steer closer to parked vehicles with their hazard lights on, even when they were instructed to pay attention to the hazard lights. These findings indicate that further research on flashing lights is needed.…”

Section: Previous Attemptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Implementation of a Graded Deceleration Display in Brake Light Warning Systems

Stanton¹,

Lew²,

Boyle³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the Graded Deceleration Display (GDD) that is designed to replace the rear center high mounted stop lamp on automobiles. Licensed drivers were treated in simulation to both a standard brake light displays (binary) and the GDD display while the lead vehicle (LV) varied its deceleration magnitude and ramping behavior. Results entailed that the graded system produced more accurate behavioral responses during deceleration, fewer collisions, and a safer following distance than the binary system. Future research should be concerned with solidifying this framework so that it can be used to improve safety, effectiveness, and efficiency for vehicle transportation.

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Section: Previous Attemptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Implementation of a Graded Deceleration Display in Brake Light Warning Systems

Stanton¹,

Lew²,

Boyle³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…Moreover, our results might explain certain accidents and locomotion errors. For example, Kitamura, Matsunaga, and Nagao (1994) report that three quarters of cars' rear-ending stationary vehicles occur at night. They also report the seemingly counterintuitive fact that stationary vehicles were passed at closer margins (i.e., were more likely to be hit) when their hazard lights were turned on.…”

Section: Implications For Perception and Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of spatiotemporal sampling on time-to-contact judgments

Hecht¹,

Kaiser

Savelsbergh

et al. 2002

Perception & Psychophysics

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When motion in the frontoparallel plane is temporally sampled, it is often perceivedto be slower than its continuous counterpart. This finding stands in contrast to humans' ability to extrapolate and anticipate constant-velocitymotion. We investigated whether this sampling bias generalizesto motion in the sagittal plane (i.e., objects approaching the observer).We employed a paradigm in which observers judged the arrival time of an oncoming object. We found detrimental effects of time sampling on both perceived time to contact and time to passage. Observers systematically overestimated the time it would take a frontally approaching object to intersect their eye plane. To rule out artifactsinherent in computer simulation, we replicated the experiment, using real objects. The bias persisted and proved to be robust across a large range of temporal and spatial variations. Energy and pooling mechanisms are discussed in an attempt to understand the effect.

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“…Of course, the results of this laboratory study should be confirmed under full-scale, real-world conditions before they could be implemented into warning light practices for service vehicles, but these findings are promising for potentially helping to improve safety in work zones and other incident scenes where service vehicles and front-line service workers are present. In particular, the so-called moth-to-flame effect ( 10 , 11 ) has been demonstrated in some studies involving driving approaches toward flashing lights, where drivers steer toward the lights. Whether the flash patterns investigated in this preliminary study could interact with such an effect is not presently understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warning Light Flash Frequency as a Method for Visual Communication to Drivers

Skinner

LaPlumm

Bullough

2021

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Service vehicles use flashing warning lights to indicate their presence to approaching drivers. Present standards offer ranges of flash frequencies to enhance conspicuity and avoid potential risks of photosensitive epilepsy or other issues. But, in practice, the flash frequency is not varied in specific situations. Previous studies have indicated that people interpret faster flash frequencies as more “urgent” than slower flash frequencies. Building on these findings, a laboratory study was conducted to identify whether drivers might be able to use cues from the frequency of flashing warning lights to anticipate how a service vehicle might behave in a work zone or other incident scene. The results suggest that even if they are not taught about the interpretation of different flash frequencies, drivers can differentiate between 1 Hz and 4 Hz flashing lights and learn to make accurate predictions about their meaning. The results also indicate that there are no reliable differences between 1 Hz and 4 Hz flashing in relation to a driver’s ability to detect when a service vehicle has begun to move. Based on the results, a preliminary suggestion is made to use lights flashing at 1 Hz when a service vehicle is moving forward, and 4 Hz when it is traveling in reverse.

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Influence of Looking at Hazard Lights on Car-Driving Performance

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

An Implementation of a Graded Deceleration Display in Brake Light Warning Systems

An Implementation of a Graded Deceleration Display in Brake Light Warning Systems

The impact of spatiotemporal sampling on time-to-contact judgments

Warning Light Flash Frequency as a Method for Visual Communication to Drivers

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