Influence of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling Pathways

Abstract

Over the past two decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as an immensely studied and experimental topic, however a wide range of questions concerning the topic still remain unanswered; in particular, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor stem cells and their characteristics. Understanding the cancer stem-cell signaling pathways may pave the way towards a better comprehension of these mechanisms. Signaling pathways such as WNT, STAT, Hedgehog, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, and NF-κB are responsible not only for modulating various features of CSCs but also their microenvironments. Recently, the prominent roles of various non-coding RNAs such as small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in developing and enhancing the tumor phenotypes have been unfolded. This review attempts to shed light on understanding the influence of long non- coding RNAs in the modulation of various CSC-signaling pathways and its impact on the CSCs and tumor properties; highlighting the protagonistic and antagonistic roles of lncRNAs.

Unlocking the role of non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer progression: exploring the interplay with the Wnt signaling pathway

“…The Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of PCa, with ncRNAs as crucial regulatory factors of this pathway ( Pakula et al, 2017 ; Sonawala et al, 2022 ). Recent studies have elucidated several types of Wnt signaling pathway-related ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, which exhibit abnormal expression in PCa and are closely linked to its progression ( Table 1 ).…”

SP1‐activated USP27X‐AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via USP7‐mediated AKT stabilisation

“…3 It actively participates in various cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, gene transcription, posttranscriptional regulation, protein localisation and intermolecular signalling pathways. [4][5][6] In HCC, previous studies have shown that the lncRNA is involved in the development of cancer. [7][8][9][10] However, the precise mechanisms governing lncRNA functions in cancer demand elucidation.…”

“…Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is a member of the non‐coding RNAs family, consisting of 200 or more nucleotides 3 . It actively participates in various cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, gene transcription, post‐transcriptional regulation, protein localisation and intermolecular signalling pathways 4–6 . In HCC, previous studies have shown that the lncRNA is involved in the development of cancer 7–10 .…”