Influence of lithium chloride, lithium bromide and lithium fluoride additives on performance of polyethersulfone membranes and its application in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent

Effect of non-solvent additives on the morphology, pore structure, and direct contact membrane distillation performance of PVDF-CTFE hydrophobic membranes

“…Organic alcohols and acids like methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, glycerol, butanol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, acetic acid, methanoic acid, and ethanedioic acid have been investigated in many cases (Feng et al, 2006;Khayet et al, 2002;Mansourizadeh and Ismail, 2011;Shih et al, 1990;Sukitpaneenit and Chung, 2009;Wang et al, 2000). Lithium halides like LiCl, LiBr, and LiF have been researched widely, as well as other lithium salts such as LiClO 4 and LiNO 3 , due to the formation of acid-base complexes between the LiCl and solvent and the interaction between Li + ions and electron donor groups of PVDF, which may dramatically affect the phase inversion process during coagulation (Idris et al, 2010;Kurdi and Tremblay, 2001;Wang et al, 2000;Yeow et al, 2005). Other metal salts and inorganic acids such as ZnCl 2 , CaCl 2 , AlCl 3 , NaBr, KClO 4 , Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 , NaNO 3 , and H 3 PO 4 have also been evaluated, and due to the strong interaction among additives, solvent, non-solvent, and polymers, these additives have significant effects on the membrane preparation process and the resultant membranes (Kraus et al, 1979;Kurdi and Tremblay, 2001;Mansourizadeh and Ismail, 2011;Noor et al, 2013;Shinde et al, 1999;Yang and Liu, 2003).…”

Improved Performance of CaCl 2 Incorporated Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes

“…Surface contact angle (CA) is one of the most suitable methods for the measurement of hydrophilicity or surface wettability of the membranes [50]. Low CA value of membrane surface indicates the pronounced hydrophilicity and low hydrophobicity in the membrane.…”

The Effect of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Coagulant Medium of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane

“…All the experiment were performed at ambient temperature. The flat sheet membrane was cut in a circle form before it was installed in membrane permeation testing unit cell.The effective area for membrane permeation test was around 2.0 x 10 -3 cm² [1][2][3][4].The best three membranes with similar thickness and fine surface were prepared for each testing to ensure consistent average value. The pure water flux test was carried out by using distilled water.…”

“…Thus, modification of basic procedure are commonly required including the addition of certain additive [1][2][3][4][5], introducing advance stride to make enhancement such as evaporation [9] or annealing [10], and coupling chemical reaction with phase separation [11]. Previous studies reported that by modification of polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane with changing composition in casting solution or coagulation bath will gives positive implication to morphology and properties of membrane [12,13].…”

“…Phase inversion is one of the most popular and common technique that used for most researchers via immersion precipitation as a way to prepare microfiltration and ultrafiltration asymmetric membrane of polymer [1][2][3][4][5] and ceramic membranes [6][7][8]. According to this technique, a thin film of polymer homogenous dope solution is cast on a suitable substrate such as glass, polyester or polyethylene non-woven fabric, metal, Teflon henceforward immersed in a non-solvent bath where exchange between solvent and non-solvent and the precipitation of polymer take place [7].…”