Influence of liquid flow conditions on spray characteristics of internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizers

Kufferath, Andreas; Wende, B.; Leuckel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/s0142-727x(99)00040-5

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…fuel combustion, thin film coating, sprinkling, and powdering. Various nozzle types, based on spraying mechanism, have been developed, such as one phase (liquid) high pressure supersonic jets (Pianthong et al, 2003), ultrasonic spray (Rajan and Pandit, 2009), electrospray (Deng et al, 2007), and two phase (liquid/gas) internal or external atomization (Butler et al, 2002; Cavaliere et al, 2003; Jazayeri and Li, 2000; Kufferath et al, 1999; Lörcher and Mewes, 2001). The dimension of macro-scale spray nozzles usually ranges from several millimeters down to less than a millimeter, and the sizes of the generated droplets are in the range of tens of micrometers to greater than one millimeter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic microfluidic mixing–spraying devices for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy

Shaikh

Barnard

et al. 2009

Journal of Structural Biology

104

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The goal of time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy is to determine structural models for transient functional states of large macromolecular complexes such as ribosomes and viruses. The challenge of time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy is to rapidly mix reactants, and then, following a defined time interval, to rapidly deposit them as a thin film and freeze the sample to the vitreous state. Here we describe a methodology in which reaction components are mixed and allowed to react, and are then sprayed onto an EM grid as it is being plunged into cryogen. All steps are accomplished by a monolithic, microfabricated silicon device that incorporates a mixer, reaction channel, and pneumatic sprayer in a single chip. We have found that microdroplets produced by air atomization spread to sufficiently thin films on a millisecond time scale provided that the carbon supporting film is made suitably hydrophilic. The device incorporates two T-mixers flowing into a single channel of four butterfly-shaped mixing elements that ensure effective mixing, followed by a microfluidic reaction channel whose length can be varied to achieve the desired reaction time. The reaction channel is flanked by two ports connected to compressed humidified nitrogen gas (at 50 psi) to generate the spray. The monolithic mixer-sprayer is incorporated into a computer-controlled plunging apparatus. To test the mixing performance and the suitability of the device for preparation of biological macromolecules for cryo-EM, ribosomes and ferritin were mixed in the device and sprayed onto grids. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the ribosomes demonstrated retention of native structure, and 30S and 50S subunits were shown to be capable of reassociation into ribosomes after passage through the device.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic microfluidic mixing–spraying devices for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy

Shaikh

Barnard

et al. 2009

Journal of Structural Biology

104

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“…This final re-scaling was done by dividing the mass flow rate associated with each droplet group by the ratio of the total calculated mass flow rate and the overall liquid mass flow rate and then re-calculating the number of droplets in each group using Eq. (14). That final re-scaling ensured that Eq.…”

Section: Solution Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Heuristic Model of Twin Fluid Internally Mixed Atomization using Distributed Weber Number Criterion

Kushari

2010

Part & Part Syst Charact

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This paper describes the development and predictions of a model that depicts the two-phase flow within an internally mixed air-assisted liquid atomizer using a statistical Weber number criterion. The main objective of this study is to develop an analytical tool that could be used in the design of internally mixed injectors and to predict the injector's flow and spray characteristics under different operating conditions. Basic conservation equations, along with appropriate boundary conditions, are used to model the two-phase air-liquid flow inside the injector. A statistically distributed Weber number criterion is used to estimate the sizes of the droplets being produced in the process. The liquid flow rates and mean droplet sizes, predicted by the model, are compared with the experimental data and they are found to be in fair agreement with each other.

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“…Moreover, for the influence of outlet length on drop size, Kufferath et al [16] stated that, longer internal mixing chamber prompts the internal droplet disintegration due to the extension of the mixing time, but leads to more pressure loss; on the other hand, shorter chamber causes the prominent oscillation in the spray, indicating unstable atomization. For our atomizers, the outlet is actually the mixing internal chamber, and a higher water suction performance broadens the range of GLR for different applications; as mentioned before, the droplet size atomized by our atomizer is dominantly influenced by GLR and air velocity, so the influence of the outlet length on the droplet size was not studied in the present experiment.…”

Section: A Outlet In Different Lengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Resource-Driven Scheduling Model for Mass Housing Construction Projects

Yao¹,

Tanaka²,

Kawahara³

et al. 2015

IJET

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A design procedure and performance evaluation of a flat-jet atomizer is described. The objective is to achieve a flat spray with minimum drop size and high performance for stipulated flow conditions. In the design process, the flat spray was formed by using in-line orifices and a rectangular outlet. The high spray performance was achieved by adopting the same working principle of a full-cone atomizer patented by Sadatomi & Kawahara (2012), which only needs pneumatic power, and the liquid can be sucked by siphoning force due to the negative pressure caused by the orifice. In the evaluation process of the new design, the influence of the outlet with different lengths and the orifice with different shapes on spray characteristics were studied, and the optimum dimension and geometry of the outlet and orifice were determined. Next, at different flow conditions, the flat-jet atomizer was experimentally tested and the suitable flow condition was proposed. Finally, practical applications of the new design (e.g. CO 2 absorption) were recommended.

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Influence of liquid flow conditions on spray characteristics of internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizers

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Monolithic microfluidic mixing–spraying devices for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy

Monolithic microfluidic mixing–spraying devices for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy

A Heuristic Model of Twin Fluid Internally Mixed Atomization using Distributed Weber Number Criterion

Development of Resource-Driven Scheduling Model for Mass Housing Construction Projects

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