Influence of Liposomal Amphotericin B on CD8 T-Cell Function

Abstract

Liposomal amphotericin B was immunosuppressive on target cell lysis in vitro and on protection mediated by cytotoxic CD8 T cells in murine listeriosis. When dosages usually used for therapy in humans were compared, the immunosuppressive effect of 5 mg of liposomal amphotericin B/kg of body weight/day was similar to that of standard amphotericin B at 1 mg/kg/day, but a dosage of liposomal amphotericin B of 1 mg/kg/day was not suppressive in vivo.

Similarity of Acid Proteinases Secreted by Candida albicans NIH A-207 and NIH B-792 Strains Cultured in BSA-Supplemented Medium

“…4,[20][21][22][23] The AP is believed to be an important virulence factor. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The serotype A strains were shown to display stronger virulence activity compared to the B strains in mice as described by Auger et al 13) In this paper, we have found that the B-792 (serotype B) strain had much higher AP production than A-207 (serotype A) strain. Thus, we did not find a good correlation for the relationship between pathogenicity and AP producibility in the A-207 and B-792 strains (in preparation).…”

“…37) These descriptions imply that the virulence of C. albicans is a function of multiple factors working jointly to overcome the host defenses. We suggest that the Candida extracellular proteinases are one of the important virulence factors, as already pointed out by several authors, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]14,15,21,22,28,[34][35][36][37] though the relative importance differs with the strains because of the producibility in vivo. 14) Whether this similarity of AP for these serotypes (A and B) can be expanded to all other strains 38) remains to be investigated.…”

“…In 1961, Hasenclever and Mitchell 1,2) identified two serotypes in C. albicans species, A and B, demonstrating that the pathogenicity of both types was identical in mice when the inoculation of the cells was conducted via the intravenous route. The acid proteinase (AP) produced by the C. albicans species has attracted a great deal of attention as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human and animal infections, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] though the existence of contradictory findings has been pointed out. 11,12) It has been shown that the recovery of the serotype A strains was more pronounced than that of serotype B in mice when both strains were orally inoculated with mixtures of the two strains.…”

Voriconazole Inhibits Fungal Growth without Impairing Antigen Presentation or T-Cell Activation

“…However, the widely used antifungal amphotericin B is known to have myriad suppressive effects on cells of the immune system, including T cells and antigen-presenting cells, and would thus be undesirable for use in T-cell cultures (9,13). The effects of other antifungal drugs on T-cell function has not been widely explored in vitro or in vivo.…”

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in Late Adulthood

“…On the other hand, amphotericin B may inhibit several cellular functions of the immune system, including macrophage function, cytokine expression, mitogen, and antigen-induced proliferation of T and B cells in vitro, as well as the cytolytic function of cytotoxic T cells. [11][12][13][14] Accordingly, it is reasonable to conceive that, in the present case, amphotericin may have exerted a dual effect on both HLH and leishmaniasis outcomes.…”