Influence of lignin-derived phenolic compounds on the Clostridium thermocellum endo-β-1,4-xylanase XynA

Hamann, Pedro Ricardo Vieira; Gomes, Tainah C.; Silva, Luísa de M. B.; Noronha, Eliane Ferreira

doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.034

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Syringaldehyde was not detected in the buffer soluble fraction of EnzHR lignin isolated from pretreated spruce [ 11 ], further confirming that the observed inhibition with EnzHR lignin was due to the solid lignin. Previously, soluble lignin-derived compounds have been seen to be inhibitory to cellulases and xylanases [ 12 , 28 ]. However, in some cases, low concentrations of monophenols, such as vanillic acid, acetovanillone, protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid, have been reported to increase xylanase activity [ 16 , 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of lignin on the hydrolysis of xylan by thermophilic and thermolabile GH11 xylanases

Kellock

Rahikainen

Borisova

et al. 2022

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into platform sugars can be enhanced by the addition of accessory enzymes, such as xylanases. Lignin from steam pretreated biomasses is known to inhibit enzymes by non-productively binding enzymes and limiting access to cellulose. The effect of enzymatically isolated lignin on the hydrolysis of xylan by four glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11 xylanases was studied. Two xylanases from the mesophilic Trichoderma reesei, TrXyn1, TrXyn2, and two forms of a thermostable metagenomic xylanase Xyl40 were compared. Results Lignin isolated from steam pretreated spruce decreased the hydrolysis yields of xylan for all the xylanases at 40 and 50 °C. At elevated hydrolysis temperature of 50 °C, the least thermostable xylanase TrXyn1 was most inhibited by lignin and the most thermostable xylanase, the catalytic domain (CD) of Xyl40, was least inhibited by lignin. Enzyme activity and binding to lignin were studied after incubation of the xylanases with lignin for up to 24 h at 40 °C. All the studied xylanases bound to lignin, but the thermostable xylanases retained 22–39% of activity on the lignin surface for 24 h, whereas the mesophilic T. reesei xylanases become inactive. Removing of N-glycans from the catalytic domain of Xyl40 increased lignin inhibition in hydrolysis of xylan when compared to the glycosylated form. By comparing the 3D structures of these xylanases, features contributing to the increased thermal stability of Xyl40 were identified. Conclusions High thermal stability of xylanases Xyl40 and Xyl40-CD enabled the enzymes to remain partially active on the lignin surface. N-glycosylation of the catalytic domain of Xyl40 increased the lignin tolerance of the enzyme. Thermostability of Xyl40 was most likely contributed by a disulphide bond and salt bridge in the N-terminal and α-helix regions. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of lignin on the hydrolysis of xylan by thermophilic and thermolabile GH11 xylanases

Kellock

Rahikainen

Borisova

et al. 2022

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Agaricus [72], Aspergillus [73,74], Fusarium [64,75], and Trichoderma [76 -79] are fungi that have been discovered to breakdown hemicellulose. Hemicellulases are produced mostly by gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus species [80,81] and Clostridia species [82,83]. Among the actinomycetes, some species of Streptomycetes group [84].…”

Section: Hemicellulasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Soni¹,

Sharma²,

Soni³

2022

Preprint

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The primary contributor to global warming has been the careless usage of fossil fuels. Urbanization's threat to the depletion of these resources has made it necessary to find alternatives due to the rising demand. Four different forms of biofuels are now available and constitute a possible replacement for fossil fuels. The first generation of biofuels is generated from the edible portion of biomass, the second generation is made from the non-edible portion of biomass, the third generation is made from algal biomass, and the fourth generation is made using molecular biology to improve the algal strain. Second generation biofuels are extremely important because they are derived from non-edible biomass, such as agricultural and agro-industrial wastes rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch impregnated with lignin, and are hydrolyzed after delignification by physio-chemical or biological pretreatments using ligninases. There has been a lot of research on their production using chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, but it has not been economically viable in comparison to first generation biofuels due to the formation of several inhibitors with chemical hydrolysis and the high cost of the enzymes. Furthermore, the need for multiple enzymes due to the various types of carbohydrates in the feedstocks makes the enzymatic process too expensive. This article examines the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of feedstocks for the production of second generation bioethanol, a highly acceptable biofuel.

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“…Kinetic analysis revealed a non-competitive multi-site inhibition mechanism, resulting in conformational alterations of the enzyme protein, thus inducing steric inactivation. Hamann et al (2020) demonstrated that the thermal stability of endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum was reduced by ferulic acid, syringaldehyde, cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and pcoumaric acid. Tannic acid presented the strongest deactivation effect on the xylanase by reducing 80% of activity.…”

Section: Influence Of the Phenolic Model Compounds On Xylanase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of hydroxyl and methoxyl radicals in phenolic compounds also contributes to the affinity between the phenolic compounds and xylanase (Boukari et al 2011). While many scientists have observed an inhibitory or deactivation effect of small phenolic compounds on xylanase activity (Buokari et al 2011;Souza Moreira et al 2013;Michelin et al 2016;Ladeira Azar et al 2018;Hamann et al 2020), Kaya et al (2000) earlier reported the benefits of black liquor and lignin degradation products for xylan hydrolysis by xylanase during the kraft pulping process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of residual phenolic compounds on xylanase-assisted ClO2 bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp

Hsieh

Liu

et al. 2021

BioRes

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In both pulping and bleaching processes, lignin in the pulp fiber is degraded into smaller molecules that need to be rinsed away. However, despite the installation of automatic washing equipment, the small phenolic compounds among other lignin degradation products can hardly be completely removed from the brownstock. Among the myriad of small phenolic compounds degrading from lignin, some are water-soluble and highly reactive with bleaching reagents. To understand the impact of residual phenolic compounds from black liquor on pulp bleaching, six monomeric phenolic model compounds were tested in this study. Catechol and vanillin showed inhibitory effects on xylanase activity, while catechol, vanillin, and guaiacol interfered with the delignification reaction in the chlorine dioxide (D) and alkaline extraction (E) stages of the bleaching sequence, thereby preserving the integrity of cellulose in the pulp. Because the efficiency of xylanase and bleaching reagents is hindered by the presence of these phenolic compounds, higher operational cost and more bleaching reagents are needed, which are incompatible with modern environmental policies in the world. Nonetheless, the presence of remaining soluble phenolic compounds in the brownstock can improve the bleaching selectivity important for the production of high-quality pulp with less-degraded cellulose chains.

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Influence of lignin-derived phenolic compounds on the Clostridium thermocellum endo-β-1,4-xylanase XynA

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Inhibitory effect of lignin on the hydrolysis of xylan by thermophilic and thermolabile GH11 xylanases

Inhibitory effect of lignin on the hydrolysis of xylan by thermophilic and thermolabile GH11 xylanases

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Effects of residual phenolic compounds on xylanase-assisted ClO2 bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp

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