Influence of Li-codoping on the radiation hardness of CsBr:Eu2+

Zimmermann, J.; Hesse, Sabine; Seggern, Heinz von; Fuchs, M.; Knüpfer, W.

doi:10.1063/1.2743731

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Improvement of the radiation hardness is expected. A recent work, 30 for example, investigated the influence of lithium ͑Li͒ codoping on the radiation hardness of CsBr: Eu 2+ . It was reported that the integration of Li + into the CsBr: Eu 2+ lattice suppressed the generation of M centers during x ray irradiation and thereby partially improved the radiation resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry using the storage phosphor KCl:Eu2+

et al. 2009

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This work, for the first time, reports the use of europium doped potassium chloride ͑KCl: Eu 2+ ͒ storage phosphor for quantitative megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry. In principle, KCl: Eu 2+ functions using the same photostimulatated luminescence ͑PSL͒ mechanism as commercially available BaFBr 0.85 I 0.15 :Eu 2+ material that is used for computed radiography ͑CR͒ but features a significantly smaller effective atomic number-18 versus 49-making it a potentially useful material for nearly tissue-equivalent radiation dosimetry. Cylindrical KCl: Eu 2+ dosimeters, 7 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick, were fabricated in-house. Dosimetric properties, including radiation hardness, response linearity, signal fading, dose rate sensitivity, and energy dependence, were studied with a laboratory optical reader after irradiation by a linear accelerator. The overall experimental uncertainty was estimated to be within Ϯ2.5%. The findings were ͑1͒ KCl: Eu 2+ showed satisfactory radiation hardness. There was no significant change in the stimulation spectra after irradiation up to 200 Gy when compared to a fresh dosimeter, indicating that this material could be reused at least 100 times if 2 Gy per use was assumed, e.g., for patient-specific IMRT QA. ͑2͒ KCl: Eu 2+ exhibited supralinear response to dose after irradiation from 0 to 800 cGy. ͑3͒ After x ray irradiation, the PSL signal faded with time and eventually reached a fading rate of about 0.1% / h after 12 h. ͑4͒ The sensitivity of the dosimeter was independent of the dose rate ranging from 15 to 1000 cGy/ min. ͑5͒ The sensitivity showed no beam energy dependence for either open x ray or megavoltage electron fields. ͑6͒ Over-response to low-energy scattered photons was comparable to radiographic film, e.g., Kodak EDR2 film. By sandwiching dosimeters between low-energy photon filters ͑0.3 mm thick lead foils͒ during irradiation, the over-response was reduced. The authors have demonstrated that KCl: Eu 2+ dosimeters have many desirable dosimetric characteristics that make the material conducive to radiation therapy dosimetry. In the future, a large-area KCl: Eu 2+ -based CR plate with a thickness of the order of a few microns, created using modern thin film techniques, could provide a reusable, quantitative, high-resolution two-dimensional dosimeter with minimal energy dependence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry using the storage phosphor KCl:Eu2+

et al. 2009

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“…20 While co-doping this material with lithium (Li) has been explored as a way to slow the agglomeration of activator ions, the sensitivity loss remains significant (50% after 25 Gy) by radiation therapy standards. 21,22 The present work offers the first systematic investigation into the radiation hardness of KCl:Eu 2þ . The prototype dosimeters used in this study were manufactured by using the solid state reaction methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…15 Jursinic suggested that Al 2 O 3 :C dosimeters could be used for accurate radiation therapy dosimetry if the sensitivity and extent of supralinearity were established for each dosimeter in use. 15 Recent research [16][17][18][19] into an emerging diagnostic CR material, CsBr:Eu 2þ , however, has found a rapid loss of signal with cumulated dose, [20][21][22] prob-ably resulting from radiation-mediated agglomeration of activator ions (Eu 2þ ) in this material, which leads to luminescence quenching. 23 It has been reported that CsBr:Eu 2þ maintains only 10% of its initial sensitivity after 100 Gy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation hardness of the storage phosphor europium doped potassium chloride for radiation therapy dosimetry

et al. 2011

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“…However, in order for an electron to tunnel to a nearby V k center, the F center must be physically close (spatially correlated) to the V k center. Thus, PSL yield at low temperatures corresponds to the concentration of spatially correlated traps [10, 11]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray storage performance of KCl:Eu2+ with high cumulated dose

Hansel

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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The effects of high cumulative radiation dose on the luminescence properties of KCl:Eu2+ are investigated. Pellet samples of KCl:Eu2+ were given doses of up to 200 kGy at the Louisiana State University Synchrotron facility. After synchrotron irradiation, samples were optically bleached and given a clinical dose of 2 Gy from a 6 MV medical linear accelerator. Optical properties were evaluated using photostimulated luminescence (PSL), photoluminescence (PL), and temperature-dependent PSL measurements. For a cumulated dose of up to 5–10 kGy, the PSL emission intensity increased by 15% compared to the PSL signal with no radiation history. For doses higher than 10 kGy, the PSL emission intensity retained at least 70% of the original intensity. Spatial correlation of the charge storage centers increased for doses up to 5 kGy and then decreased for higher cumulative doses. Emission band at 975 nm was attributed to transitions of Eu1+. PL spectra showed an intense peak centered at 420 nm for all cumulative doses. The results of this work show that KCl:Eu2+ storage phosphors are excellent reusable materials for radiation therapy dosimetry.

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Influence of Li-codoping on the radiation hardness of CsBr:Eu2+

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Quantitative megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry using the storage phosphor KCl:Eu2+

Quantitative megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry using the storage phosphor KCl:Eu2+

Radiation hardness of the storage phosphor europium doped potassium chloride for radiation therapy dosimetry

X-ray storage performance of KCl:Eu2+ with high cumulated dose

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