Influence of Lever Arm and Stabilization on Measures of Hip Abduction and Adduction Torque Obtained by Hand-Held Dynamometry

Dynamic postural stability and muscle strength in patellofemoral pain: Is there a correlation?

“…The torque (Nm) was calculated using the formula: kg × 9.81 (force (N) [28]. The average of two trials for each group of muscles was used for statistical analysis.…”

Comparison of the effects of water- and land-based exercises on the physical function and quality of life in community-dwelling elderly people with history of falling: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial

“…It was measured by a handheld dynamometer (intraclass correlation coefficient range, 0.89-0.91; MicroFET2; HOGGAN, Atlanta, USA) (Krause, Schlagel, Stember, Zoetewey, & Hollman, 2007). Hip strength was measured at flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.…”

A Comparison of Hip Strength Between Sedentary Females With and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

“…The contralateral limb was positioned by the examiner at 90° of hip and knee flexion and was supported by pillows (Figure 1). 17 For the hip lateral rotators, the subject was sitting on the table with hips and knees flexed at 90°. The subject was then asked to keep the arms held against the servative treatment aimed at improving the strength of all 6 hip muscle groups may reduce pain and increase function in sedentary females with PFPS.…”