Influence of lance height and angle on the penetration depth of inclined coherent and conventional supersonic jets in electric arc furnace steelmaking

Abstract

Nowadays, coherent and conventional supersonic jets are widely used in electric arc furnace (EAF)steelmaking processes. Generally, these jets are installed in the EAF oven wall with a tilt angle of 35-45?. However, limited studies have been conducted on the impact characteristics of these inclined supersonic jets. This study developed an optimized theoretical model to calculate the penetration depth of inclined coherent and conventional supersonic jets by combining theoretical modeling and numerical simulations. The computational fluid dynamics results are validated against water model experiments. A variable k is newly defined to reflect the velocity variation, which is related to the jet exit at the jet free distance. The results of the optimized theoretical model show that the lance height and lance angle influence the penetration depth of the inclined supersonic jet. At the same lance angle, the penetration depth decreases with the increase in the lance height. Similarly, it decreases with the decrease in lance angle at the same lance height. In addition, the penetration depth of an inclined coherent supersonic jet is larger than that of an inclined conventional supersonic jet under the same conditions. An optimized theoretical model can accurately predict the penetration depths of the inclined coherent and conventional supersonic jets.

Optimization of Oxygen Injection Conditions with Different Molten Steel Levels in the EAF Refining Process by CFD Simulation

“…Other [1,7,11,12,16,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30] • • [2,6,14,23,24,[31][32][33][34][35][36] • [4] • • [13,[37][38][39] • [17,18] • • [19] • [20,21,40,41] •…”

“…Additionally, the corresponding impacted-O2 molar flow rates at these positions are 24 mol/s, 14 mol/s, and 9 mol/s, respectively. Furthermore, the penetration depth of the inclined jet, determined by applying the theoretical model equation described in Wu et al research [30], is presented in Table 3. For Case A3, the penetration depth at a nozzle-to-molten metal distance of 1000 mm is 389 mm.…”

Исследование Реакции Поверхности Жидкости На Импульсное Воздействие Наклонной Газовой Струи При Малых Числах Рэйнольдса

“…Для исследования динамического взаимодействия многофазных систем часто используют численное моделирование происходящих процессов [22,24,[26][27][28]. Такой подход позволяет изучить изменение модулей и направлений векторов скоростей потоков во всех точках модели рассматриваемой двухфазной системы, однако результаты численного моделирования, в свою очередь, требуют обобщения информации, полученной об исследуемой системе.…”

“…В работе [20] представлены результаты численного моделирования переходного процесса, возникающего в системе " струя газа − жидкость" при ступенчатом перпендикулярном аэродинамическом воздействии (вязкость жидкости ∼ 1 Pa•s). Взаимодействие неперпендикулярной газовой струи с поверхностью жидкости исследовано в работах [3,[23][24][25][26]. В этих публикациях использованы невязкие жидкости (Re > 100).…”

Effect of cavity shape caused by jet impact of swirl-type oxygen lance on molten bath mixing efficiency

“…Wei et al 10 combined a theoretical model and numerical simulation to establish a hybrid model for predicting the penetration depth of a coherent supersonic jet, and the error is < 3.92%. Wu et al 11 used a theoretical model and numerical simulation to establish an improved model for the penetration depth of an inclined coherent jet. Cao et al 12 proposed a cavity shape index to quantitatively characterise the cavity shape, and it was found that there is an exponential relationship between the index and the splashing rate of molten steel.…”