Influence of La3+-Doping on Radiation Hardness and Thermoluminescence Characteristics of PbWO4

On the Mechanism of Radiation Damage of Optical Transmission in Lead Tungstate Crystal

“…Careful experiments of partial annealing showed that the decrease rate of the EPR intensity of WO 3À 4 -La is correlated with the TSL emission in this temperature region [5]. In addition, the doping of a crystal with stable trivalent RE ions such as La, Lu, Gd and Y with a concentration of some tens of atomic ppm increases the redistribution of electron trapping centres thus reducing the number of the deepest ones [15][16][17].…”

Influence of Gd3+ Concentration on PbWO4:Gd3+ Scintillation Characteristics

“…The possibility of usage of PbWO 4 (PWO) single crystals for scintillation detectors in High Energy Physics was indicated in the beginning of nineties [1,2] due to its favourable high density (8.23 g/cm 3 ) and fast scintillation response with dominant component of the decay time of a few nanoseconds. Systematic investigation of its luminescence and scintillation characteristics started in 1994, when this material was approved for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider accelerator in CERN where a volume of about 12 m 3 of PWO single crystals is needed.…”

“…Systematic investigation of its luminescence and scintillation characteristics started in 1994, when this material was approved for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider accelerator in CERN where a volume of about 12 m 3 of PWO single crystals is needed. In 1997 a positive effect of La 3+ doping was announced, which results in considerably higher radiation resistance [3], improved transmission within the 330 to 500 nm spectral range [3,4] (resulting in higher light yield (LY)) and finally in faster scintillation response of PWO : La 3+ [4,5]. A dramatic decrease of the thermoluminescence signal above 150 K upon La doping was also noticed, which evidences efficient suppression of several trapping levels related to TSL peaks at 180 to 200, 320 and 370 to 420 K [3,5].…”

“…In 1997 a positive effect of La 3+ doping was announced, which results in considerably higher radiation resistance [3], improved transmission within the 330 to 500 nm spectral range [3,4] (resulting in higher light yield (LY)) and finally in faster scintillation response of PWO : La 3+ [4,5]. A dramatic decrease of the thermoluminescence signal above 150 K upon La doping was also noticed, which evidences efficient suppression of several trapping levels related to TSL peaks at 180 to 200, 320 and 370 to 420 K [3,5]. Much higher radiation hardness with respect to undoped samples was reported up to very high irradiation doses of 10 6 Gy [6].…”

Improvement of several properties of lead tungstate crystals with different doping ions

“…In both cases a significant improvement is seen on all doped crystals in the region of absorption edge ( Fig. 1 and 2), as was already noticed on small samples [10].…”