“…Nitrogen uptake efficiency by plants is strongly regulated by environmental factors such as soil and air temperature (Spiertz 1977, Lawlor et al 1988, drought (which reduces fertilizer solubility and stresses the plant), or excessive rains (which may cause N leaching and water logging) (Peltonen et al 1990), and management practices such as irrigation (Elonen et al 1975), as well as time, form and rate of N fertilizer applied (Fajersson 1961, Paininko 1966, Jaakkola 1978, Svensson and Lindahl 1989. Therefore, soil testing for establishing the N fertilizer recommendations made on the basis of short term N mineralization measurements have been unreliable Wehrmann 1976, Stanford 1982).…”