Influence of Irradiation on Resistance to Infection

Benacerraf, Baruj

doi:10.1128/mmbr.24.1.35-40.1960

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Organisms responsible for low-grade, chronic infection may arise from penetration of mucosal surfaces by intestinal flora (13), which in nude mice may occur to a greater than normal degree because of an underdevelopment of Peyer's patches (10) and, perhaps, other immunoregulatory abnormalities associated with the T-lymphocyte deficiency. The combined effect of athymia and X-irradiation, which leads to considerable destruction of the intestinal mucosal lining (1), would increase the potential for gut-derived infections. This would provide an even stronger microbial antigen stimulation than that which occurs in normal nude mice and thus might explain the greater resistance of X-irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted nude mice to resist listeria infection when compared with untreated nude mice (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous high native resistance to athymic mice to bacterial pathogens

Nickol¹,

Bonventre²

1977

Infect Immun

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Congenitally athymic (nude) mice exhibited an anomalous high resistance against infections with the facultative intracellular parasite Listeria monocytogenes and other bacterial pathogens. Protection against lethal infection was demonstrated to result from the presence of naturally occurring activated macrophages in the reticuloendothelial organs of the nude mice. This was exemplified after intravenous challenge by enhanced bacterial clearance from the blood and augmented bacterial killing in the spleens and livers of nude mice as compared with immunologically competent control mice. Resident peritoneal macrophages ofnude mice were not activated in terms ofphagocytic, bactericidal, or tumoricidal potential. The development of activated fixed tissue macrophages appears to arise as a result of the T-lymphocyte deficiency since thymus implantation abrogated the enhanced resistance of nude mice. Antibiotic elimination of intestinal bacteria also modified resistance to bacterial infection, indicating a role of environmental factors on macrophage activation. Several possible mechanisms leading to macrophage activation and heightened resistance to infection in nude mice are offered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous high native resistance to athymic mice to bacterial pathogens

Nickol¹,

Bonventre²

1977

Infect Immun

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“…Presumably those animals which have been completely depleted of T-cells can no longer resist invasion by their own normal gut flora, a common source of potentially lethal infections VOL. 38,1974 VACCINES AND CELLin individuals suffering from radiation sickness (26). If anti-Salmonella immunity is a predominantly cell-mediated response, then the T-cell-depleted mouse should be incapable of resisting even a modest challenge with an attenuated strain of S. enteritidis Se 795…”

Section: T-lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines and cell-mediated immunity.

Collins¹

1974

Bacteriological Reviews

209

144

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“…Similarly, the low P levels observed after burns, shock, and ionizing radiation probably result from the resulting tissue injuries. The loss of defense against bacterial infections in these conditions may be correlated more significantly with alterations in well established defense mechanisms such as the clearance and destruction of bacteria by the reticuloendothelial system in irradiated animals [4].…”

Section: Biological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antibody‐Complement System and Properdin: A Review

Muschel

1961

Vox Sanguinis

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Properdin (P) was originally described by Pillemer and his colleagues in 1954 as an outgrowth of studies relating t o the inactivation of the third component of complement (C') by Zymosan (Z), an insoluble carbohydrate derived from yeast cell walls, or by a variety of polysaccharides or polysaccharide complexes of microbial and mammalian origin. P was defined by its reaction with Z, and sera were assayed for P by their ability to inactivate C'3 after the addition of Z [39, 401. In addition t o C' inactivation, P was believed to be responsible for many of the biological activities of normal mammalian serum requiring C': the killing of certain bacteria belonging mainly to gramnegative genera, the neutralization of several viruses, the killing of protozoa and the lysis of abnormal red blood cells including those of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and of normal cells treated with tannic acid. Regarded as a new serum factor, P became implicated, chie%y by association, with resistance to infections in animals subjected to irreversible hemorrhagic shock [ll], in patients with severe burns [28] and in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia [16]. It was associated also with the inadequacy of immune mechanisms following x-irradiation [42] and in protection against neoplastic growth [SO]. Excellent summaries of the extensive investigations in these areas relating exclusively t o P have been written [15, 19, 20, 46, 60, 611 as well as comprehensive reviews on antimicrobial serum and tissue factors [48], non-specific resistance [47] and C' [37], which include discussions of P. This review will attempt an assessment of the conceptual aspects involved in the introduction of P as a serological entity, a critical evaluation of the postulated part played by P in various activities of serum and its role

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Influence of Irradiation on Resistance to Infection

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Anomalous high native resistance to athymic mice to bacterial pathogens

Anomalous high native resistance to athymic mice to bacterial pathogens

Vaccines and cell-mediated immunity.

The Antibody‐Complement System and Properdin: A Review

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