Influence of intralaminar cracking on the apparent interlaminar mode I fracture toughness of cross‐ply laminates

Moura, M.F.S.F. de; Péreira, A.; Morais, A.B. de

doi:10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00739.x

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The LLOYD universal test machine was used to conduct the double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. The mode I critical energy release rate G IC was calculated by the corrected beam theory [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Influence on the Delamination Fracture Behavior of the T800H/3900-2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Zhang

Fox

2007

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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Torayca' T800H/3900-2 is the first material qualified on Boeing Material Specification which utilizes the thermoplastic-particulate interlayer toughening technology. Two manufacturing processes, the autoclave process and the fast heating rated Quickstep™ process, were employed to cure this material. The Quickstep process is a unique composite production technology which utilizes the fast heat transfer rate of fluid to heat and cure polymer composite components. The manufacturing influence on the mode I delamination fracture toughness of laminates was investigated by performing double cantilever beam tests. The composite specimens fabricated by two processes exhibited dissimilar delamination resistance curves (R-curves) under mode I loading. The initial value of fracture toughness G IC−INIT was 564 J/m 2 for the autoclave specimens and 527 J/m 2 for the Quickstep specimens. However, the average propagation fracture toughness G IC−PROP was 783 J/m 2 for the Quickstep specimens, which was 2.6 times of that for the autoclave specimens. The mechanism of fracture occurred during delamination was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three types of fracture were observed: the interlayer fracture, the interface fracture, and the intralaminar fracture. These three types of fracture played different roles in affecting the delamination resistance curves during the crack growth. More fiber bridging was found in the process of delamination for the Quickstep specimens. Better fiber/matrix adhesion was found in the Quickstep specimens by conducting indentation-debond tests.

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“…The LLOYD universal test machine was used to conduct the double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. The mode I critical energy release rate G IC was calculated by the corrected beam theory [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Influence on the Delamination Fracture Behavior of the T800H/3900-2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Zhang

Fox

2007

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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“…This gradual failure process ends when the energy released equates the critical energy using a mixed mode energetic criterion. Thus, crack propagation was simulated by a linear energetic criterion, which was verified to work quite well during fracture characterisation of composites [16]:…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Delamination Effect on Bending Behaviour in Carbon–Epoxy Composites

Amaro

Reis

Moura

2011

Strain

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This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies on the bending behaviour of carbon fibre‐reinforced epoxy composite containing delamination located at different positions along the laminate thickness. Experimental tests were conducted in three‐point bending using specimens with and without delamination to evaluate their bending behaviour. Numerical simulations were also performed in order to evaluate the maximum load as a function of the defect position and its size. The numerical model includes two‐dimensional solid elements of the ABAQUS software and a cohesive mixed mode damage model to simulate delamination propagation. The numerical and experimental results concerning the maximum load were found to be concordant. It was concluded that delaminations affect the bending behaviour of laminates mainly due to alterations in shear stress profiles.

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“…In fact, both criteria are function of square of relative displacements [21]. Although is an empirical form, it proved to work quite well during fracture characterisation of composites under mode I and mode II [22, 23]. However, it should be noted that under mixed‐mode loading it is advisable to perform a previous calibration for the material being simulated.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Boundary Conditions on Low‐Velocity Impact Composite Damage

Amaro

Reis

Magalhães³

et al. 2011

Strain

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The objective of this work was to study the influence of the boundary conditions on low‐velocity impact behaviour of carbon‐epoxy composite plates. Experimental work and numerical analysis were performed on [04,904]s laminates. The influence of different boundary conditions on the impacted plates was analysed considering rectangular and square plates. The X‐radiography was used as a non‐destructive technique to evaluate the internal damage caused by impact loading. A three‐dimensional numerical analysis was also performed considering progressive damage modelling. The model includes three‐dimensional solid elements and interface finite elements including a cohesive mixed‐mode damage model, which allows simulating delamination between different oriented layers. It was verified that plate’s boundary conditions have influence on the delaminated area. Good agreement between experimental and numerical analysis for shape, orientation and size of the delamination was obtained.

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Influence of intralaminar cracking on the apparent interlaminar mode I fracture toughness of cross‐ply laminates

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Manufacturing Influence on the Delamination Fracture Behavior of the T800H/3900-2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Manufacturing Influence on the Delamination Fracture Behavior of the T800H/3900-2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Delamination Effect on Bending Behaviour in Carbon–Epoxy Composites

The Influence of the Boundary Conditions on Low‐Velocity Impact Composite Damage

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