Influence of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on heavy metal removal by stormwater biofilters

Blecken, Godecke-Tobias; Zinger, Yaron; Deletić, Ana; Fletcher, Tim D.; Viklander, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.008

Cited by 121 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Blecken et al 2009b;Davis et al 2001;Muthanna et al 2007a). Thus, the high metal removal in the top layer indicates that the biofilters in the study at hand produced reliable results and that the metals do not ingress deeply into the filter, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, it was not possible to estimate the total plant dry mass in the filters and thus a detailed mass balance could not be conducted. Nevertheless, the comparison of the metal masses in plant shoots and roots and the filter media allows an overview of the metal fate: it follows from other biofilter studies that the filter media account for the main share of the removal, even if the concentration in plants is higher (Blecken et al 2009b;Davis et al 2001Davis et al , 2003Muthanna et al 2007a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofilters remove a whole range of stormwater pollutants and are especially effective in removing TSS (total suspended solids) and total metals, at rates often exceeding 95% (Blecken et al 2009b;Davis et al 2001Davis et al , 2009Dietz 2007;Hatt et al 2009;Muthanna et al 2007b). Contrary to stormwater ponds, which remove mostly solids adsorbed metals by sedimentation, biofilters also remove dissolved metals (Chapman and Horner 2010;Lau et al 2000;Muthanna et al 2007a, b), e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Blecken

Maršálek

Viklander

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Stormwater biofilters, which are recommended for application in both Water-Sensitive Urban Design and Low Impact Development, can remove up to 80% or 90% of total metals found in stormwater. However, their winter operation is a common concern. That was addressed in this study by investigating the metal removal effectiveness of replicate laboratory biofilter mesocosms at 2°C, 8°C and 20°C. As recommended for cold climate bioretention, coarse filter media were implemented and in the top 100 mm layer topsoil was added to increase the sorption capacity. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations measured in the biofilter effluent were far below those in the influent and this significantly improved the treated stormwater quality. Contrary to a common notion that coarse media in the main filter body impair dissolved metal sorption, satisfactory removals of dissolved metals were found in this study with most metal burdens retained in the top layer of the filter in which the sorption capacity was enhanced by topsoil. Some metal uptake by the plants was also detected. Temperature did not affect Cd, Pb and Zn removals in general, but Cu removals increased with decreasing temperatures. This was explained by increased biological activities in the filters at warmer temperatures, which may have led to an increased release of Cu with dissolved organic matter originating from root turnover and decomposition of organic litter and debris. Furthermore, plant uptake and biofilm adsorption may also be influenced by temperature. However, even in the worst case (i.e. at 20°C), Cu was removed effectively from the stormwater. Further research needs were identified including the effects of road salts on stormwater biofiltration during the winter period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Blecken

Maršálek

Viklander

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Infiltration based stormwater options aim to restore/mimic pre-development conditions [5] by reducing runoff volumes, trapping sediments, and mitigating peak flow rates. In some cases, infiltration based systems are also designed to remove dissolved contaminants by adding a specific adsorbent layer [6], or relying on combined effects of plants and soils-bioretention [7]. Heavy metals are found in urban runoff from multiple nonpoint sources such as vehicle components wear, exhaust emissions, lubricants, and galvanized elements along roads, among others [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Scale Testing of Adsorbent Amended Filters under High Hydraulic Loads for Highway Runoff in Cold Climates

Monrabal-Martinez

Ilyas

Muthanna

2017

Water

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This paper presents an estimation of the service life of three filters composed of sand and three alternative adsorbents for stormwater treatment according to Norwegian water quality standards for receiving surface waters. The study conducted pilot scale column tests on three adsorbent amended filters for treatment of highway runoff in cold climates under high hydraulic loads. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of high hydraulic loads and the application of deicing salts on the performance of these filters. From previous theoretical and laboratory analysis granulated activated charcoal, pine bark, and granulated olivine were chosen as alternative adsorbent materials for the present test. Adsorption performance of the filters was evaluated vis-à-vis four commonly found hazardous metals (Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) in stormwater. The results showed that the filters were able to pass water at high inflow rates while achieving high removal. Among the filters, the filters amended with olivine or pine bark provided the best performance both in short and long-term tests. The addition of NaCl (1 g/L) did not show any adverse impact on the desorption of already adsorbed metals, except for Ni removal by the charcoal amended filter, which was negatively impacted by the salt addition. The service life of the filters was found to be limited by zinc and copper, due to high concentrations observed in local urban runoff, combined with moderate affinity with the adsorbents. It was concluded that both the olivine and the pine bark amended filter should be tested in full-scale conditions.

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“…Dryness may affect soil structure (e.g., porosity increase and cracking occurrence) and plant activity, including removal effi ciency of heavy metals [16]. Although the literature [17] showed that short-term dryness had no effect on heavy metal removal, effl uent heavy metal concentration increases after three weeks; in the case of a submerged area and carbon source, however, even if the dry period had been extended, Cu and Pb still maintained the best removal rates.…”

Section: Rainfall Time Intervalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Bioretention System on Heavy-Metal Removal Effect

Zengchao¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Urban growth and development negatively affect nearby natural water systems. For example, increases in impervious land areas decrease rainfall infi ltration, increase runoff rates and volumes, and decrease runoff travel time. In addition, detrimental water quality changes in stormwater runoff accompany land-use changes that coincide with urbanization [1].In addition, due to human activities, atmospheric deposition, and other factors, a large number of pollutants accumulate and are discharged into the municipal stormwater sewer by stormwater runoff fl ushing, then enter the receiving waterbody [2]. Although low concentrations of some heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential to plants, humans, and animals, high heavy metal concentrations are toxic [3]. Lead (Pb), on the other Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 27, No. 1 (2018), 163-173 Original Research Study of Bioretention System on AbstractBioretention is a typical low-impact development (LID) technology. This work used four different fi ller combinations of bioretention tank pilot test devices. Experiments on infl uence factors and intermittent operation were conducted. A continuous-run experiment was also performed to determine the purifi cation ability of bioretention system on heavy metals. Results showed that the removal effi ciency of heavy metals by fl y ash tank was the most effi cient, with a removal rate reaching 85.57%. The removal effect on highinfl uent concentrations in fi lter was better than that in low-infl uent concentrations. With increased rainfall time intervals (antecedent dry time), heavy-metal removal effi ciency improved. Temperature did not affect the removal effi ciency of heavy metals on the whole based on the long duration of intermittent operation experiments. Moreover, the effl uent heavy-metal concentration presented a descending trend during each simulation rainfall runoff event. During continuous operation test, heavy metals did not reach the exhaustion point in the experimental tanks, while the effl uent concentration increased with increased water volume. According to PLS regression analysis, rainfall time interval was the most important factor affecting Zn removal rate, followed by fi ller characteristics, infl uent volume, and infl uent concentration.

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Influence of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on heavy metal removal by stormwater biofilters

Cited by 121 publications

References 26 publications

Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Pilot Scale Testing of Adsorbent Amended Filters under High Hydraulic Loads for Highway Runoff in Cold Climates

Study of Bioretention System on Heavy-Metal Removal Effect

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