Influence of Institutional Factors on Structural and Cyclical Unemployment in the Countries of the Visegrad Group

Abstract

Infl uence of Institutional Factors on Structural and Cyclical Unemployment in the Countries of the Visegrad GroupThe aim of the article is to describe eff ects of selected institutional factors on structural and cyclical unemployment. The theoretical and methodological basis of institutional aspects of the labour market functioning draws from a number of previously published studies. Factors are modifi ed for national conditions of the Visegrad Group (hereinafter V4). The article compares NAIRU estimates of previously fi ne-tuned models with estimates of models extended by selected institutional factors. The diff erence between these groups will then be compared with development of relevant variables of the real economy. That will allow us to determine whether the institutional factor infl uenced structural or cyclical unemployment. We will also specify the intensity of its negative infl uence on the two types of unemployment. The fi nal results of the analysis are compared with results of previous studies and world literature data.Keywords: institutional factors, employment protection legislation (EPL), structure of wage bargaining, active labour market policies (ALMP), taxation of labour, system of unemployment benefi ts, NAIRU, Kalman fi lter, structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment JEL Classifi cation: E24, E32, E37 ÚvodAnalýza institucionálního rámce fungování trhu práce je důležitá v mnoha aspektech a také v souvislosti s konkurenceschopností ekonomiky. Nástroje, které zvyšují fl exibilitu trhu práce, přispívají ke zvýšení ekonomického výkonu. Tyto nástroje mohou být alternativou měnové politiky (De Grauwe, 2003). Flexibilitě trhu práce je věnována velká pozornost v rámci celé Evropské unie, ale i v jednotlivých členských státech. Evropská rada odsouhlasila Lisabonskou strategii pro růst a zaměstnanost (Employment Lisbon Strategy); International Affairs, 2010. Členské státy z ní vycházejí při sestavování a aplikaci národních programů reforem. Cílem opatření je mj. zvýšit zaměstnanost, bojovat proti segmentaci, omezit nerovnosti pohlaví. Členským státům je doporučována kombinace fl exibilních a spolehlivých pracovních smluv, aplikace aktivní politiky na trhu práce, celoživotní vzdělávání, podpora mobility pracovních sil a udržitelné systémy sociálního zabezpečení.

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