Influence of Innate Sludge Factors and Ambient Environmental Parameters in Biosolids Storage on Indicator Bacteria Survival: A Review

Fane, S.; Vale, Peter; Fernández, Y. Bajón; Cartmell, Elise; Nocker, Andreas; Harris, J. Arthur; Tyrrel, Sean

doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00865-w

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Both treatments were shown on a laboratory scale to increase the proportion of damaged cells compared to untreated sludge. The resulting release of cellular nutrients was seen as a significant factor contributing to subsequent necrotrophic E. coli growth in stored biosolids (Fane et al 2019(Fane et al , 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and chemical disinfection of water and biofilms: only a temporary effect in regard to the autochthonous bacteria

Nocker

Lindfeld

Wingender

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Health

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Thermal and chemical disinfection of technical water systems not only aim at minimizing the level of undesired microorganisms, but also at preventing excessive biofouling, clogging and interference with diverse technical processes. Typically, treatment has to be repeated in certain time intervals, as the duration of the effect is limited. The transient effect of disinfection was demonstrated in this study applying different treatments to water and biofilms including heat, chlorination, a combination of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid and monochloramine. Despite the diverse treatments, the reduction in live bacteria was followed by regrowth in all cases, underlining the universal validity of this phenomenon. The study shows that autochthonous bacteria could reach the concentrations given prior to treatment. The reason is seen in the nutrient concentration that has not changed and that forms the basis for regrowth. Nutrients are released by disinfection from lysed cells or are still fixed in dead biomass that is subsequently scavenged by necrotrophic growth. Treatment cycles therefore only provide a transient reduction of water microbiology if nutrients are not removed. When aiming at greater sustainability of the effect, biocidal treatment has to be equally concerned about nutrient removal by subsequent cleaning procedures as about killing efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and chemical disinfection of water and biofilms: only a temporary effect in regard to the autochthonous bacteria

Nocker

Lindfeld

Wingender

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Health

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“…An understanding of E. coli behaviour in biosolids could be inferred from studies in analogous environments (Fane et al, 2019b). Plachá et al, (2001) studied the survival of Salmonella typhimurium during summer and winter field storage of solid fraction pig slurry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and control of the biosolids storage environment: Implications for E. coli dynamics

Fane

Nocker

Vale

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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E. coli survival in biosolids storage may present a risk of non-compliance with guidelines designed to ensure a quality product safe for agricultural use. The storage environment may affect E. coli survival but presently, storage characteristics are not well profiled. Typically biosolids storage environments are not actively controlled or monitored to support increased product quality or improved microbial compliance. This two-phased study aimed to identify the environmental factors that control bacterial concentrations through a long term, controlled monitoring study (phase 1) and a field-scale demonstration trial modifying precursors to bacterial growth (phase 2). Digested and dewatered biosolids were stored in operational-scale stockpiles to elucidate factors controlling E. coli dynamics. E. coli concentrations, stockpile dry solids, temperature, redox and ambient weather data were monitored. Results from ANCOVA analysis showed statistically significant (p <0.05) E. coli reductions across storage periods with greater die-off in summer months. Stockpile temperature had a statistically significant effect on E. coli survival. A 4.5 Log reduction was measured in summer (maximum temperature 31°C). In the phase 2 modification trials, covered stockpiles were able to maintain a temperature >25°C for a 28 day period and achieved a 3.7 Log E. coli reduction. In winter months E. coli suppression was limited with concentrations >6 Log10 CFU g -1 DS maintained. The ANCOVA analysis has identified the significant role that physical environmental factors, such as stockpile temperature, has on E. coli dynamics and the opportunities for control.

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“…Ensuring safe handling therefore requires knowledge on the risk for regrowth of pathogens in biosolids generated with different sanitation methods, but also the biosolids' resistance to external recontamination during storage. Previous studies have documented indicator bacteria survival and regrowth of conventional systems [2] with E. coli increasing up to 10 8 -10 9 cells/g dry solids (DS) during the first storage days [3]. However, with new sludge treatment processes and sanitation methods, pathogen growth due to recontamination challenges the existing literature and legislation framework and must be investigated in greater depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Thermally Hydrolyzed Biosolids from Pathogenic Bacterial Growth by Addition of Compost

Svennevik

Jonassen

Svensson

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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Sludge biosolids for agricultural application represent a valuable fertilizer but also a health risk unless pathogens are effectively reduced, and recontamination controlled. The Post Anaerobic Digestion Thermal Hydrolysis Process (Post-AD THP) is gaining interest due to improved dewaterability, reducing the volume and thus transportation costs of biosolids. However, Post-AD THP results in sterile biosolids easily exposed to recontamination by pathogens due to the lack of microbial competitors. In theory, this could be suppressed by establishing a competing community of harmless bacteria. The theory was tested by monitoring the abundance of Escherichia coli (viable counts) and gene abundance (ddPCR) in wastewater recontaminated Post-AD THP biosolids, with and without addition of compost. Respiration, total bacterial population and bacterial diversity (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) were used to monitor the microbial community. Biosolids from the regulatory approved methods thermophilic AD (TAD) and Pre-AD THP were tested in parallel for comparison. The results demonstrated that regulatory requirements can be reached by storing the TAD and Pre-AD THP biosolids for 3 days after recontamination and the Post-AD THP biosolids for more than 13 days. However, addition of compost suppressed growth of E. coli in Post-AD THP biosolids, reducing the time to comply with regulative requirements. In conclusion, pathogen growth in Post-AD THP biosolids can be controlled by inoculation with compost. Graphical abstract

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Influence of Innate Sludge Factors and Ambient Environmental Parameters in Biosolids Storage on Indicator Bacteria Survival: A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Thermal and chemical disinfection of water and biofilms: only a temporary effect in regard to the autochthonous bacteria

Thermal and chemical disinfection of water and biofilms: only a temporary effect in regard to the autochthonous bacteria

Characterisation and control of the biosolids storage environment: Implications for E. coli dynamics

Protecting Thermally Hydrolyzed Biosolids from Pathogenic Bacterial Growth by Addition of Compost

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