Influence of inflammation and nitric oxide upon platelet aggregation following deposition of diesel exhaust particles in the airways

Smyth, Erica; Solomon, Antonia; Birrell, Mark A.; Smallwood, Miranda J.; Winyard, Paul G.; Tetley, Teresa D.; Emerson, Michael

doi:10.1111/bph.13831

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…PRG1-1 treatment increased the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2, both of which are associated with NO production. The release of NO is involved in many physiological processes, such as vasodilatation (Khan et al, 2017), neurotransmission (Kusek et al, 2017), immune responses (Cinzia, Maria Pia, Angela, & Marco, 2016), and platelet aggregation (Smyth et al, 2017). Furthermore, activated macrophages produce cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, that play important roles in the cellular immune process by aiding in the elimination of abnormal cells (Ying et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-enhancing effects of a polysaccharide PRG1-1 from Russula griseocarnosa on RAW264.7 macrophage cells via the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways

Chen

Gong

et al. 2018

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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Immune-enhancing effects of a polysaccharide PRG1-1 from Russulagriseocarnosa on RAW264.7 macrophage cells via the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways, Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29:1, 833-844, ABSTRACTPolysaccharides are one of many bioactive compounds found in edible mushrooms. Edible mushrooms have become attractive as "health foods" and as source materials for immunomodulators. The aim of this project was to study the immunoregulatory effects of a purified polysaccharide derived from wild Russula griseocarnosa (PRG1-1) on macrophages. Our data showed that in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, PRG1-1 increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, PRG1-1 increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Western blotting demonstrated that the regulation of NO and cytokines was mediated through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Therefore, PRG1-1 has the capacity to activate macrophages via the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These findings helped to elucidate the immunemodulatory properties of the polysaccharide from R. griseocarnosa. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-enhancing effects of a polysaccharide PRG1-1 from Russula griseocarnosa on RAW264.7 macrophage cells via the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways

Chen

Gong

et al. 2018

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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“…The link between inflammation and thrombosis at later time points after pulmonary instillation is possible (6–24 h), but complex [ 69 ]. Smyth et al (2017) showed intratracheally instillation of DEP (25 μg) in mice to induce platelet aggregation independent of lung inflammation [ 70 ]. The study also showed that platelet aggregation persisted in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice [ 70 ], suggesting a lesser influence of vascular-derived mediators in actions of DEP on platelets.…”

Section: In Vivo Studies In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient air pollution and thrombosis

2018

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Air pollution is a growing public health concern of global significance. Acute and chronic exposure is known to impair cardiovascular function, exacerbate disease and increase cardiovascular mortality. Several plausible biological mechanisms have been proposed for these associations, however, at present, the pathways are incomplete. A seminal review by the American Heart Association (2010) concluded that the thrombotic effects of particulate air pollution likely contributed to their effects on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The aim of the current review is to appraise the newly accumulated scientific evidence (2009–2016) on contribution of haemostasis and thrombosis towards cardiovascular disease induced by exposure to both particulate and gaseous pollutants.Seventy four publications were reviewed in-depth. The weight of evidence suggests that acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces a shift in the haemostatic balance towards a pro-thrombotic/pro-coagulative state. Insufficient data was available to ascertain if a similar relationship exists for gaseous pollutants, and very few studies have addressed long-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Platelet activation, oxidative stress, interplay between interleukin-6 and tissue factor, all appear to be potentially important mechanisms in pollution-mediated thrombosis, together with an emerging role for circulating microvesicles and epigenetic changes.Overall, the recent literature supports, and arguably strengthens, the contention that air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity by promoting haemostasis. The volume and diversity of the evidence highlights the complexity of the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which air pollution promotes thrombosis; multiple pathways are plausible and it is most likely they act in concert. Future research should address the role gaseous pollutants play in the cardiovascular effects of air pollution mixture and direct comparison of potentially susceptible groups to healthy individuals.

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“…

We read with great interest the recent study by Smyth et al, which claimed that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) instilled through the airway induce adverse effects such as inflammation, oxidative damage, and coagulopathy (Smyth et al, 2017). In their study, with regard to the impairments in coagulation, the authors only referred to the promoting effects of DEP on platelet aggregation.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diesel exhaust particles on coagulation

Inoue

Takano

2017

British J Pharmacology

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We read with great interest the recent study by Smyth et al., which claimed that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) instilled through the airway induce adverse effects such as inflammation, oxidative damage, and coagulopathy (Smyth et al., 2017). In their study, with regard to the impairments in coagulation, the authors only referred to the promoting effects of DEP on platelet aggregation. However, particulate matters including nanoparticles have been widely shown to have adverse effects on coagulatory systems other than platelet activation by our group and others. We previously studied the effects of inhaled DEP and their components, in the presence or absence of bacterial endotoxin, on several coagulatory and fibrolytic parameters in mice (Inoue et al., 2006). In our study, we observed that a single pulmonary exposure to DEP (8 mg·kg À1 ) significantly increased the serum level of fibrino-

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Influence of inflammation and nitric oxide upon platelet aggregation following deposition of diesel exhaust particles in the airways

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Immune-enhancing effects of a polysaccharide PRG1-1 from Russula griseocarnosa on RAW264.7 macrophage cells via the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways

Immune-enhancing effects of a polysaccharide PRG1-1 from Russula griseocarnosa on RAW264.7 macrophage cells via the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways

Ambient air pollution and thrombosis

Effects of diesel exhaust particles on coagulation

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