Influence of infill and nozzle diameter on porosity of FDM printed parts with rectilinear grid pattern

Buj-Corral, Irene; Bagheri, Ali; Domínguez-Fernández, Alejandro; Casado-López, Ramón

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.09.011

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies allow components with adjustable geometry and mechanical properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] that can be used in a wide variety of industry sectors to be obtained [ 7 ]. Fused deposition modelling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), is an AM process based on extrusion, where material as a filament is melted and selectively dispensed through a fine nozzle layer upon layer according to the slice model [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Adhesion between Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)

2021

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A 3D printer in FDM technology allows printing with two nozzles, which creates an opportunity to produce multi-material elements. Printing from two materials requires special consideration of the interface zone generated between their geometrical boundaries. This article aims to present the possibility of printing with PLA and TPU using commercially available filaments and software to obtain the best possible bond strength between two different polymers with respect to printing parameters, surface pattern (due to the material contact surface’s roughness), and the order of layer application. The interaction at the interface of two surfaces of two different filaments (PLA-TPU and TPU-PLA) and six combinations of patterns were tested by printing seven replicas for each. A total of 12 combinations were obtained. By analyzing pairs of samples (the same patterns, different order of materials), the results for the TPU/PLA samples were better or very close to the results for PLA/TPU. The best variants of pattern combinations were distinguished. Well-chosen printing parameters can prevent a drop in parts efficiency compared to component materials (depending on the materials combination).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Adhesion between Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)

2021

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“…However, these approaches are much more expensive in equipment investment and material use and require higher level technical skills compared to FDM technology and therefore are less cost-effective and less easily deployable by maker communities, service providers or HCWs for connector (valve) production. Once mass production of proven designs is required, more conventional polymer manufacturing processes such as injection molding are preferred to provide best results, considering cost and final quality of the product (i.e., low porosity to reduce leakage and contamination, high reproducibility and high dimensional tolerances) [ 105 , 106 ]. In this context, it is important to note that AM can have some major limitations compared to conventional fabrication methods, which are generally well-adapted for mass production of medical devices [ 107 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the User Experience for Snorkeling Mask Designs during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Profili

Dubois²,

Karakitsos

et al. 2021

Healthcare

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During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, industries and academic institutes have collaborated to resolve the worldwide medical supply shortage issues. Innovative designs of 3D-printed items were proposed and developed by the maker community as a temporary solution to address the lack of personal protective equipment. An overview of global ongoing and past initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic along with their challenges on retrofitting full-face snorkeling masks for healthcare applications such as splash-proof face shields, respirator masks and non-invasive ventilation systems are reported in this contribution. This study reviews these global initiatives and challenges. From our analysis, the present situation highlights the need to build solid networks between healthcare institutes and the different rapid prototyping initiatives. A clear feedback system needs to be implemented to facilitate effective collaboration between engineering (maker) and healthcare teams, to optimize the available human resources, and to achieve adequate product developments responding to the needs of healthcare workers.

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“…Porosity, as an inevitable defect in 3D printing, is closely related to the mechanical properties of specimens. The key factors affecting the porosity of 3D printing products are layer thickness and nozzle temperature 41 . The extrusion between the newly extruded filament and the previous layer will be serious crushed to further produce negative impact on the stacking of subsequent filaments with low layer thickness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of 3D printing parameters for high‐performance biodegradable materials

Lyu

Zhao

Wen

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Developing 3D printing high‐performance biodegradable materials is important to protect the environment and deal with emergencies such as COVID‐19. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the 3D printing methods, has many advantages, such as low cost and wide range of materials. However, the weak interlayer adhesion is an important factor restricting the development of FDM. In addition to the influence of material properties, the optimization of 3D printing parameters is also an important means to give full play to the inherent properties of materials. The optimal 3D printing parameters are conducive to the diffusion and entanglement of molecular chains between adjacent layers. PLA/PBAT/PLA‐g‐GMA (70/30/10 wt%, PLA‐g‐GMA was a compatibilizer synthesized in our lab) was used as the research object. This work aims to analyze the mechanical properties response of biodegradable polymers products manufactured through FDM. Herein, the effect of 3D printing parameters including layer thickness, nozzle temperature, printing speed and platform temperature have been systematically investigated by orthogonal experimental design. The result showed that the excellent performance of 3D printing specimen was obtained when the layer thickness was 0.15 mm, the printing speed was 50 mm·s−1, the nozzle temperature was 200°C and the platform temperature was 50°C. The SEM images showed that the optimal 3D printing products had the best interlayer adhesion and the lowest porosity. Undergoing optimization of 3D printing processing, the yield strength and elongation at break of specimen increased by 115% and 229%, respectively. In this paper, the interlayer adhesion and mechanical properties of 3D printing products can be significantly improved by simply optimizing the 3D printing parameters without complex material modification. This work provided a new method for improving the interlayer adhesion of FDM and the mechanical properties of FDM products.

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Influence of infill and nozzle diameter on porosity of FDM printed parts with rectilinear grid pattern

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

The Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Adhesion between Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)

The Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Adhesion between Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)

Overview of the User Experience for Snorkeling Mask Designs during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Optimization of 3D printing parameters for high‐performance biodegradable materials

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