Influence of indoor environmental conditions on airborne transmission and lifetime of sneeze droplets in a confined space: a way to reduce COVID-19 spread

Bahramian, Alireza

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-25421-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Within this size range, the expelled droplets would travel further into the environment and suspend for longer, enhancing the exposure risk of residents in a confined space (Jones & Brosseau, 2015;Dhand & Li, 2020;Bourouiba, 2021). Nevertheless, the lifetime and size of droplets have a complex relationship with many environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and ventilation mechanisms (Jayaweera et al, 2020;Bahramian, 2023). Once inhaled by a susceptible person, fine aerosols (<5 m) have a high possibility of escaping the defence mechanism of the upper airway and penetrating the lower airway, which is often associated with higher severity, morbidity, and fatality (Zuo et al, 2020;Sosnowski, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Eulerian Wall Film–Discrete Phase model for predicting respiratory droplet generation during a coughing event

Khoa,

Kuga,

Inthavong

et al. 2023

Physics of Fluids

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Infectious respiratory diseases have long been a serious public health issue, with airborne transmission via close person-to-person contact being the main infection route. Coughing episodes are an eruptive source of virus-laden droplets that increase the infection risk of susceptible individuals. In this study, the droplet generation process during a coughing event was reproduced using the Eulerian wall film (EWF) model, and the absorption/expulsion of droplets was tracked using the discrete phase model (DPM). A realistic numerical model that included the oral cavity with teeth features and the respiratory system from the throat to the first bifurcation was developed. A coughing flow profile simulated the flow patterns of a single coughing episode. The EWF and DPM models were coupled to predict the droplet formation, generation, absorption, and exhalation processes. The results showed that a large droplet number concentration was generated at the beginning of the coughing event, with the peak concentration coinciding with the peak cough rate. Analysis of the droplet site of origin showed that large amounts of droplets were generated in the oral cavity and teeth surface, followed by the caudal region of the respiratory system. The size of the expelled droplets was 0.25–24 μm, with the peak concentration at 4–8 μm. This study significantly contributes to the realm on the site of origin and localized number concentration of droplets after a coughing episode. It can facilitate studies on infection risk assessment, droplet dispersion, and droplet generation mechanisms from other sneezing or phonation activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Eulerian Wall Film–Discrete Phase model for predicting respiratory droplet generation during a coughing event

Khoa,

Kuga,

Inthavong

et al. 2023

Physics of Fluids

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“…These droplets can spread by bursting bubbles or splashing from moist contaminated surfaces [29]. Detailed knowledge of the fundamental fluid dynamics involved is crucial for simulating and predicting the transmission of infectious diseases across hosts [30]. proposed a methodology to simplify and analyse complex transmission events into manageable, biophysically based mechanistic processes, following the advice of Bernoulli [31].…”

Section: Historical Discoursementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens

Koley

2024

Trends Sci

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The spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 depends on complex fluid dynamics interactions between pathogens and fluid phases, including individual droplets and multiphase clouds. Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting and controlling disease spread. This applies to human and animal exhalations, such as coughs and sneezes, as well as bursting bubbles that create micron-sized droplets in various indoor and outdoor environments. By exploring case studies in this regard, this study examines the emerging field of fluid dynamics in disease transmission, focusing on multiphase flows, interfacial flows, turbulence, pathogens, human traffic, aerosol transmission, ventilation, and breathing microenvironments. These results indicate that increased ventilation rates and local ventilation methods can effectively reduce the concentration of SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the immediate breathing spaces between individuals. In a displacement-ventilated room, both neutral and unstable conditions were more effective in removing breathed SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from the air, regardless of the presence of test subjects. However, stable conditions may increase the risk of infection in individuals living in confined spaces. Thus, the findings of this study are useful for providing practical guidance for managing the spread of airborne infections. HIGHLIGHTS Fluid dynamics affect the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 This study explored multiphase fluid flow, aerosol dispersion, and respiratory zones Increased ventilation and local methods reduce SARS-CoV-2 aerosol concentration Displacement ventilation eliminates SARS-CoV-2 aerosols under unstable conditions Cramped and damp living environments can increase the risk of transmission of infection GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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“…The virus then sneaks into the body via the mucous membranes, infecting the susceptible person. Indirect contact transmission involving contact of a susceptible host with a contaminated object or surface (fomite transmission) may also be possible (Bahramian et al, 2023;.…”

Section: Contact and Droplet Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 prevention and health promotion for the whole community

Mohammed,

Umar

2023

J. Public Health Dis.

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As our understanding of Covid-19 has grown, numerous techniques for preventing its spread have emerged. Scholars and practitioners in public health have focused on four important Covid-19 prevention strategies: behavioural, technical, biomedical, and structural/community-level interventions. Recent material in these areas provides an overview of current Covid-19 preventive breakthroughs. Current COVID-19 prevention models, which build on traditional techniques, use intimate partners, families, social media, emerging technology, prescription therapy, immunization, and regulatory changes to influence change. Despite significant success, more action is required to meet the national goal of stopping the COVID-19 epidemic. Government and non-governmental organizations are uniquely positioned to promote prevention science in collaboration with cross-disciplinary professionals from other domains.

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Influence of indoor environmental conditions on airborne transmission and lifetime of sneeze droplets in a confined space: a way to reduce COVID-19 spread

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Coupled Eulerian Wall Film–Discrete Phase model for predicting respiratory droplet generation during a coughing event

Coupled Eulerian Wall Film–Discrete Phase model for predicting respiratory droplet generation during a coughing event

Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens

COVID-19 prevention and health promotion for the whole community

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