Influence of Incubation Time on Ortho-Toluidine Blue Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Directed against Selected Candida Strains—An In Vitro Study

Wiench, Rafał; Nowicka, J; Pajączkowska, Magdalena; Kuropka, Piotr; Skaba, Dariusz; Kruczek-Kazibudzka, Anna; Kuśka-Kiełbratowska, Anna; Grzech‐Leśniak, Kinga

doi:10.3390/ijms222010971

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, this was not the case with the C. albicans strain, where increased incubation time was ineffective for BGBE uptake (P>0.05). This result contradicts the findings of Wiench et al (2021) [12].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Black Goji Berry Extract as a Natural Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microbial Strains: A Promising Approach

Akbarizare

2023

JoMMID

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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health concern directly contributing to many deaths globally. Unearthing new protocols to tackle pathogenic microorganisms is vital. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an efficient method for treating cancer and chronic microbial infections. PDI merges light with a photosensitizer to prompt the generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, not including O2. These molecules cause a phototoxic reaction and lead to the death of microorganisms. Recent advancements in photodynamic inactivation are focused on the exploration of natural photosensitizers. Methods: In this study, Black Goji Berry Extract (BGBE) was utilized as a photosensitizer at 50 mg/mL concentration. The incubation periods for the extract were 10 and 15 minutes, respectively. Phototoxic reactions were induced using ultraviolet (UV) light, specifically within the 315-400 nm range at an intensity of 8W, for an illumination period of 5 min. This study utilized microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli as test subjects. All the strains went through treatments under these specified conditions. Results were reported after comparing controls and treatments. Results: Incubating with BGBE for 10-15 min followed by a 5-min black UV illumination induced a phototoxic reaction in bacterial strains such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. This resulted in a decrease in bacterial viability by 0.75-0.92 log10 (CFU/mL). No significant difference was observed between the effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (P>0.05). Moreover, no phototoxic reaction was observed in Candida albicans under similar conditions. Conclusion: While a sublethal photodynamic reaction was recorded in specific bacterial strains post-photodynamic inactivation utilizing BGBE, BGB exhibits potential as a natural source for innovative photosensitizers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Black Goji Berry Extract as a Natural Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microbial Strains: A Promising Approach

Akbarizare

2023

JoMMID

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“…long incubation time ensures adequate absorption and quantity of PSs in target cells. With the extension of incubation time (before saturation), PDT becomes more antibacterial[53]. Our previous in vivo studies verified that the production of PpIX increased significantly after incubation in ALA for 3 h and reached the highest level after 6 h[26,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Wound Healing: A Systemic Review of Human Evidences

Huang,

Wang

2023

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Backgrounds: Skin wounds are a kind of refractory disease frequently encountered in clinic, which brings enormous burden to patients. Great efforts to address the dilemma of wound healing have yielded some encouraging results, but they are still unsatisfactory. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed as a promising noninvasive treatment for skin wounds. A systematic review was performed to determine the existing evidence base for the clinical use of ALA-PDT on refractory wounds. Methods: We conducted a PubMed search for English literature related to the clinical treatment of human skin ulcers by ALA-PDT published from 2012 to 2022, and performed a systematic review. Results: 25 studies were ultimately selected in the present review and summarized, including six studies of skin cancer, five studies of chronic leg ulcers, three studies of erosive pustular skin diseases, and two studies of erosive oral lichen planus symptoms. A total of 335 patients had approximately 355 ulcers, of which 315 ulcers received photodynamic therapy and 276 improved with ALA-PDT. 20% ALA solution, wavelength between 600 nm and 670 nm, energy density of 120 J/cm2, frequency of once per week and 3 sessions were the most selected therapeutic parameters. Generally, ALA-PDT for wounds was effective with main adverse events of mild to moderate pain, and follow-up was generally conducted within 1 year. Conclusions: This systematic review summarized the commonly used therapeutic parameters for ALA-PDT in the clinical treatment of skin wounds. After ALA-PDT alone or ALA-PDT combined with curettage, antibacterial and surgical treatment, all wounds healed well, and the adverse reactions were mainly mild to moderate pain, which could be relieved by cooling. ALA-PDT had proven to be a promising wound treatment modality through evidence of safety and efficacy.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there is no reported effect when using just red light on C. albicans species. Wiench et al reported that due to the size of Candida cells and the presence of the cell wall, photosensitizer incubation time has an impact on PDT efficacy and suggested 7-10 min as the most efficient period [ 38 ]. Despite those findings, the application and incubation period of photosensitizing solution in the oral cavity with the salivary flow and long clinician chairside time makes this approach impractical in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Technique for Disinfection Treatment of Contaminated Dental Implant Surface Using 0.1% Riboflavin and 445 nm Diode Laser—An In Vitro Study

Morelato

Budimir

Smojver³

et al. 2022

Bioengineering

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Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a potential option for peri-implantitis treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a novel technique involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with 0.1% riboflavin solution (used as a photosensitizing dye) as applied on a bacterial–fungal biofilm formed on implants and to compare the performance of this technique with that of the commonly used combination of 660 nm diode laser with 0.1% methylene blue dye. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 80 titanium dental implants contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Candida albicans (CA) species. The implants were randomly divided into four groups: negative control (NC), without surface treatment; positive control (PC), treated with a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX)-based solution; PDT1, 660 nm (EasyTip 320 µm, 200 mW, Q power = 100 mW, 124.34 W/cm2, 1240 J/cm2) with a 0.1% methylene blue dye; and PDT2, 445 nm (EasyTip 320 µm, 200 mW, Q power = 100 mW, 100 Hz, 124.34 W/cm2, 1.24 J/cm2) with a 0.1% riboflavin dye. Results: The PDT1 and PDT2 groups showed greater reduction of SA and CA in comparison to the NC group and no significant differences in comparison to the PC group. No statistically significant differences between the PDT1 and PDT2 groups were observed. Conclusions: A novel antimicrobial treatment involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with riboflavin solution showed efficiency in reducing SA and CA biofilm formation on dental implant surfaces comparable to those of the more commonly used PDT treatment consisting of 660 nm diode laser light with methylene blue dye or 0.2% CHX treatment.

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Influence of Incubation Time on Ortho-Toluidine Blue Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Directed against Selected Candida Strains—An In Vitro Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Black Goji Berry Extract as a Natural Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microbial Strains: A Promising Approach

Black Goji Berry Extract as a Natural Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microbial Strains: A Promising Approach

5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Wound Healing: A Systemic Review of Human Evidences

A Novel Technique for Disinfection Treatment of Contaminated Dental Implant Surface Using 0.1% Riboflavin and 445 nm Diode Laser—An In Vitro Study

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