Influence of Incinerated and Non-Incinerated waste paper on Properties of Cement Mortar

Abstract

The cement industry is one of the most polluting industries globally, due to the high amount of CO2 emissions generated during production. Improving the sustainability of cement production is thus vital. Waste paper is also a big problem for many societies, especially in developed countries, where the use of board and paper increases almost every day. This work examines the possibility of using incinerated waste paper ash (IWPA) and non-incinerated waste paper (NIWP) as a partial replacement for cement (by weight) in mortar mixtures. For non-incinerated waste paper, the tested replacement levels were 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5%, while for incinerated waste paper, the replacement levels were 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. An additional mix without any replacement was also cast for comparison purposes. The fresh and hardened properties of mortar were assessed using flow rate, compressive strength, direct tensile strength, water absorption, and dry density tests, and two test ages (7 and 28 days) were considered for the compressive and tensile strength tests, though water absorption and density tests were undertaken at 28 days only. The results showed that the presence of waste paper (incinerated or non-incinerated) reduced the flow rate of fresh mortar as compared with the reference mix. It was also found that, for the NIWP mixtures, 1% replacement of cement was the most efficient percentage; this increased the compressive strength by 16% and the direct tensile strength by 19% at 28 days of age. For the IWPA mixes, the results showed that the best replacement ratio was 5%, where the compressive strength and direct tensile strength were improved by 10% and 11% at 28 days, respectively. These 1% NIWP and 5% IWPA mixtures gave similar water absorption of 7% to the reference mix.

Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar Containing Ground Waste Newspaper as Cementitious Material

“…The increase in the tensile strength of mortar samples containing WNP may be attributed to the improvement in adhesion performance between the rough surface of WNP and the cement paste [ 34 , 35 ]. However, in some samples that contain WNP, strength degraded due to the fiber ball phenomenon [ 33 ], indicating the need for further research on the correlation between the homogeneous dispersion method and mechanical properties.…”

Properties of eco-friendly cement mortar contained recycled materials from different sources

“…For example, the extensive usage of natural (fine and course) aggregate is one of the main reasons for the scarcity of natural aggregates in many countries around the world [4]. Furthermore, the cement industry consumes high energy as well as emits a high amount of CO2 into the atmosphere [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The cement industry contributes about 7% of carbon dioxide production worldwide [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Using Non-Destructive Tests for Evaluating Flyover Footbridge: Case Study

“…Where previous work [28] has shown that the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) can increase the service life of bridges in addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by reducing the cement content. Accordingly, the authors recommend investigating the effect of SCM such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin, silica fume, rice husks ash, waste paper, [29], [30], [39], [40], [31]- [38] and other SCMs [41]- [45] commonly used as substitutes for the cement to investigate their impact on the service life of bridges and thus including them in future structures. In addition to that, the use of industrial waste or by-products [33], [46], [55]- [59], [47]- [54] is considered a worthy topic in improving concrete technology in general from an environmental perspective and towards sustainability.…”