Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses

Gustafson, Claire E.; Kim, Chulwoo; Weyand, Cornelia M.; Goronzy, Jörg J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.017

Cited by 210 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…In general, most vaccines may not induce effective immune response in older people. However, some vaccines work very well in elderly people (61,62). For example, the Shingrix vaccine for shingles was found to be 90% effective in people >70 years of age.…”

Section: Geriatric-related Considerations and Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond

Dhama

Patel

Kumar

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wreaked havoc worldwide, with more than 20 million confirmed cases and nearly 0. 75 million deaths as of 10th August 2020. Various factors determine the severity and symptoms of this infection. Older age and underlying diseases are the challenges being faced in controlling and treating COVID-19. In 2019, 703 million of the global population was older than 65 years of age. The estimated mortality due to COVID-19 in people older than 76 years of age is reportedly 18%. Frequent infections in older people, higher disease severity, and increased mortality are major challenges in the implementation of appropriate preventive measures and future strategies to protect against this disease in geriatric population. Poor health status, weak immune function, lowered organ function, increased probability of multiple underlying diseases, and poor attention to personal health can increase the susceptibility to various diseases in the geriatric population. Concerning inadequate immunity, the decrease expression of receptors and exaggerated pathophysiologic responses can be debilitating. However, future studies will reveal the hidden facets in these aspects in this COVID-19 catastrophe. In this article, we reviewed the main concerns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the geriatric population, including the risk of acquiring severe COVID-19 resulting in mortality, variation in clinical manifestations, and other pandemic-related concerns. We also discussed the need for increasing attention toward the elderly, taking appropriate prevention and control measures, and considering geriatric-related adjustments in vaccine design and development.

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Section: Geriatric-related Considerations and Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond

Dhama

Patel

Kumar

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Preferential development of a terminal effector cell state may explain the impaired vaccine response in old individuals [87]. After vaccination with the live varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine, generation of VZV-specific memory T cells is reduced in old adults [113].…”

Section: Tcf1 In T Cell Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transcription Factor TCF1 in T Cell Differentiation and Aging

Kim

Jin

Weyand

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF1), a pioneer transcription factor as well as a downstream effector of WNT/β-catenin signaling, is indispensable for T cell development in the thymus. Recent studies have highlighted the additional critical role of TCF1 in peripheral T cell responses to acute and chronic infections as well as cancer. Here, we review the regulatory functions of TCF1 in the differentiation of T follicular helper cells, memory T cells and recently described stem-like exhausted T cells, where TCF1 promotes less differentiated stem-like cell states by controlling common gene-regulatory networks. These studies also provide insights into the mechanisms of defective T cell responses in older individuals. We discuss alterations in TCF1 expression and related regulatory networks with age and their consequences for T cell responses to infections and vaccination. The increasing understanding of the pathways regulating TCF1 expression and function in aged T cells holds the promise of enabling the design of therapeutic interventions aiming at improving T cell responses in older individuals.

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“…The mortality profile of COVID-19 is strongly correlated with age (Promislow, 2020); hence, herd immunity can only be reached if large segments of society, even those not a significant risk, are willing to get vaccinated. This problem is attenuated by the fact that the supply of any efficient vaccine will be exceptionally limited in the initial months after development and that vaccines in general are often less effective among the elderly due to their lower immune response, making it less cost-effective to use the limited vaccines on those most at risk (Gustafson et al, 2020). Accordingly, it is likely that the initial groups to be offered a vaccine will be groups such as caretakers or healthcare professionals who are mainly being vaccinated not for their own sake but to protect vulnerable groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information about herd immunity through vaccination and empathy promote COVID-19 vaccination intentions

Pfattheicher¹,

Petersen²,

Böhm³

2020

Preprint

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Objective: An effective vaccine against COVID-19 is a desired solution to curb the spread of the disease. However, vaccine hesitancy might hinder high uptake rates and thus undermine efforts to eliminate COVID-19 once an effective vaccine is available. The present contribution addresses this issue by examining two promising ways of increasing the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19.Methods: We conducted two pre-registered online studies (N = 2,315 participants from the UK) in which we either measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Study 2) knowledge about and beliefs in herd immunity, as well as empathy for those most vulnerable to the virus. As a dependent variable, we assessed individuals’ self-reported vaccination intention if a vaccine against COVID-19 became available.Results: We show that the motivation to get vaccinated against COVID-19 is related to and causally promoted by both mere information about herd immunity and by empathy. Thus, interventions that combine cognitive and affective information related to others’ potential suffering appear most effective in increasing the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19.Conclusions: The present research provides a better understanding of the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and highlights two evidence-based possibilities for policymakers in promoting vaccine uptake.

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Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses

Cited by 210 publications

References 152 publications

Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond

Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond

The Transcription Factor TCF1 in T Cell Differentiation and Aging

Information about herd immunity through vaccination and empathy promote COVID-19 vaccination intentions

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