Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxemia on danofloxacin pharmacokinetics in broilers following single oral administration

Abstract

As a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, danofloxacin is mainly used to treat avian bacterial and mycoplasma infections. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of danofloxacin are usually explored in healthy animals, while those in endotoxemic broilers are still rare. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in endotoxemic broilers induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after single oral administration. Ten healthy 5‐week‐old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with similar body weight (BW) were randomly and equally divided into LPS and control groups. The LPS group was intravenously injected with an LPS of E. coli O55: B5 at 2.5 mg/kg BW, and the control group was intravenously injected with the same volume of sterile saline. Danofloxacin was administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW immediately 1 h after the intravenous injection of LPS or sterile saline. Rectal temperature was measured at predetermined times points in all broilers, and plasma and serum samples were taken. The interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in serum samples were detected by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and danofloxacin concentrations in plasma were detected through the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and subjected to a compartmental analysis using Phoenix software. The LPS challenge led to biphasic adaptive changes in broiler body temperature and increased the levels of IL‐6. Compared with the control group, LPS treatment significantly prolonged the time to the peak concentration (LPS: 8.75 ± 3.88 h; Control: 3.20 ± 2.20 h). However, there were no significant differences in the other pharmacokinetic parameters between both groups.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Danofloxacin in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) After One Single Oral Dose

“…Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial developed exclusively for veterinary medicine in the 1990's ( 3 , 4 ), and it acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA-gyrase. Because of its broad antimicrobial spectrum, danofloxacin has been licensed in bovine, ovine, caprine, and poultry species ( 5 ).…”

Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin after single oral and intravenous administration in non‐laying hens

“…When normalized by the BW, the current oral C max had a value of 0.21, which was consistent with those calculated in turkeys and geese (0.195 and 0.192, respectively; Haritova et al, 2006; Sartini, Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska, Lisowski, Poapolathep, & Giorgi, 2021); however, higher than those in Japanese quail (0.078; Dimitrova et al, 2014), pheasant (0.054; Dimitrova et al, 2014), guinea fowl (0.051; Dimitrova et al, 2014), and ducks (0.162; Goudah & Mouneir, 2009). However, the previously reported C max values in broilers after oral administration at the same dosage ranged from 0.17 to 0.53 μg/ml (Knoll et al, 1999; Wang, Huang, et al, 2022; Wang, Yang, Song, Shao, Bai, et al, 2022; Wang, Yang, Song, Shao, Zhang, et al, 2022; Zeng et al, 2011), and were all lower than the current result (1.05 ± 0.20 μg/ml). A previous study observed gender‐related differences in the pharmacokinetics of sulfonamides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides (but not fluoroquinolones) in poultry (Lashev et al, 2009).…”

“…A previously validated chromatographic analysis method was used to detect danofloxacin concentrations in plasma (Wang, Yang, Song, Shao, Zhang, et al, 2022) with slight modifications. Briefly, a volume ofplasma(200 μl) was mixed with two volumes of acetonitrile, then vortexed completely and centrifuged for 10 min at 10,000 g. All supernatant was collected in a clean tube, and the extraction process was repeated.…”

Effects of alfalfa saponins on the production performance, serum biochemical factors, and immune factors in Small-Tailed Han sheep

“…The automatic biochemical analyzer AU5400 (Beckman Coulter Commercial Enterprise, Shanghai, China) was used to determine the levels of serum biochemical factors, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), Urea-N, creatinine (CRT), glucose (GLU), calcium, phosphorus, triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamyltransferase (GT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Based on our previous studies (16,17), the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Jiangsu, China) were used to determine immunoglobulins, interleukins, and interferons levels, including IgA, IgG, IgE, IgM, IL-1, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ.…”