Influence of Enterococcus faecalis proteases and the collagen‐binding protein, Ace, on adhesion to dentin

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is a pathogen that persists in medicated root canals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the E. faecalis proteases, serine protease and gelatinase, and the collagen-binding protein (Ace) contribute to adhesion to the root canal. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine dentin binding by four E. faecalis strains: OG1RF, the wild type, and three mutant derivatives of OG1RF, TX5128, TX5243 and TX5256 deficient in serine protease and gelatinase, serine protease, and Ace, respectively. For each strain, 20 root halves were exposed to 3 x 10(9) to 5 x 10(9) cells/ml for 6 h, and 50 fields per root half were examined for adherent bacteria. Statistical analysis revealed that adherence of OG1RF was significantly greater than the mutant strains (P < 0.001), while significant differences were not detected between the protease mutants. The data indicate that serine protease and Ace aid E. faecalis binding to dentin, while the role of gelatinase is uncertain.

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“…It may also survive in smear layer and debris, and be extremely difficult to eliminate during instrumentation and irrigation [22]. Moreover, serine protease and ACE aid in the adhesion of EF with dentin [31]. EF has virulence factors (aggregation substance, enterococcal surface proteins (Esp), gelatinase, cytolysin toxin, extracellular superoxide production, capsular polysaccharides, antibiotic resistance determinant) that can facilitate its adherence with host cells and extracellular matrix; help in its invasion into tissues; immunomodulation effect and cause toxin mediated damage [32].…”

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“…18,20 Además, tienen la capacidad de invadir el túbulo dentinal, utilizar el colágeno de la dentina y formar biopelícula. 21,25,26 Staphylococcus aureus es otra de las bacterias que también se ha encontrado en lesiones después de un tratamiento endodóntico, aunque en menor frecuencia que E. faecalis. Son cocos Gram positivos y anaerobios facultativos, que se caracterizan por sobrevivir en condiciones adversas durante periodos prolongados y por resistir a los cambios de temperatura y a la deshidratación.…”

“…23,24 Estas bacterias son cocos Gram positivos y facultativos, caracterizados por sobrevivir en condiciones que son comúnmente letales para otros microorganismos, como crecer en ambientes con 18,20 In addition, they have the ability to invade the dentinal tubule, use collagen dentin, and form biofilm. 21,25,26 Staphylococcus aureus is another bacterium also found in post-endodontic treatment lesions, although less frequently than E. faecalis. They are Gram-positive and facultative anaerobic cocci that can survive in harsh conditions for long periods and resist changes in temperature and dehydration.…”

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“…Among them, Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly isolated bacterium from teeth with periapical periodontitis with or without periodontal lesions [2][3][4]. Because of its ability to form intra-and extraradicular biofilms, …”