Influence of hysteresis on groundwater wave dynamics in an unconfined aquifer with a sloping boundary

Jazayeri, Amir; Cartwright, Nick; Perrochet, Pierre; Nielsen, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.11.020

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…8) for K=60 m/d and z=20 m (best fit of infinite-order theory to observations, see Section 3.5) fall within 1 standard deviation of the observed values for both storms and tides. The intermediate aquifer estimates do not account for hysteresis, which could cause reduced amplitude attenuation and phase lag evolution with increasing period (Cartwright, 2014;Shoushtari et al, 2015;Werner & Lockington, 2003), crudely consistent with the observations. However, analytical theories including hysteresis (or capillarity) (Shoushtari et al, 2016) predict larger ratios of real to imaginary wavenumbers than those estimated from the observations (circles in Figure 3.6), and dispersion relationships (curves in Figure 3.6) that include hysteresis and capillary effects (not shown) would result in poorer agreement with the observations for the specified hydrogeologic parameters.…”

Section: Observational Estimates Of Cross-shore Propagation and Verti...supporting

confidence: 75%

Barrier island groundwater dynamics

Housego¹

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Nearly 1.5 million people inhabit barrier islands along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and coastal groundwater dynamics influence the availability of freshwater, ecosystem health, pollutant transport, and flooding in these densely populated communities. However, groundwater dynamics, including the aquifer head distribution and subsurface salinity structure, in coastal aquifers are affected by multiple environmental forcings, such as waves, tides, storm surges, and precipitation that act on a variety of spatial and temporal scales, making coastal groundwater dynamics complex and difficult to predict. Here, measurements of groundwater heads, salinities, and temperatures collected for 3 years across a 550-m-wide barrier island are used in conjunction with observations of ocean tides, surge, waves, sound level, and rainfall to characterize the dynamics of the surface aquifer. Infiltration from surge, tides, and waves during storms caused up to 2 m increases in the groundwater level under the dune. The head gradients owing to these storm-induced groundwater bulges suggest flows become inland directed on the ocean-side of the island during storms. An upper saline plume (20-30 PSU) was observed above fresher (10 PSU) water up to 30 m inland of the dune face, which was the maximum wave runup location. Differences in inland propagation between tidal- and storm-induced groundwater head fluctuations are explained using analytical theories for intermediate depth aquifers. Additionally, a separate analytical water-table evolution model driven with estimated ocean shoreline water levels (based on the 36-hr-averaged offshore tide, surge, and wave height) and measured precipitation is validated by citizen-science flood reports and predicts the maximum water-table height within 0.1 m of the observed levels across the barrier island.

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Section: Observational Estimates Of Cross-shore Propagation and Verti...supporting

confidence: 75%

Barrier island groundwater dynamics

Housego¹

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“…Werner and Lockington, 2003;Cartwright et al, 2005) and (b) why modelled hysteresis appears to have little effect on the dispersion of watertable waves (cf. Shoushtari et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional vertical moisture-pressure dynamics above groundwater waves: Sand flume experiments and modelling

Jazayeri

Cartwright

Perrochet

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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This paper presents a new laboratory dataset on the moisture-pressure relationship above a dispersive groundwater wave in a two-dimensional vertical unconfined sand flume aquifer driven by simple harmonic forcing. A total of five experiments were conducted in which all experimental parameters were kept constant except for the oscillation period, which ranged from 268 s to 2449 s between tests. Moisture content and suction head sensor pairings were co-located at two locations in the unsaturated zone both approximately 0.2 m above the mean watertable elevation and respectively 0.3 m and 0.75 m from the driving head boundary. For all oscillation periods except for the shortest (268 s T =), the formation of a hysteretic moisture-pressure scanning loop was observed. Consistent with the decay of the saturated zone groundwater wave, the size of the observed moisture-pressure scanning loops decayed with increasing distance landward and the decay rate is larger for the shorter oscillation periods. At the shortest period (268 s T =), the observed moisture-pressure relationship was observed to be non-hysteretic but with a capillary capacity that differs from that of the static equilibrium wetting and drying curves. This finding is consistent with observations from existing one-dimensional vertical sand column experiments. The relative damping of the moisture content with distance landward is higher than that for the suction head consistent with the fact that transmission of pressure through a porous medium occurs more readily than mass transfer. This is further supported by the fact that observed phase lags for the unsaturated zone variables (i.e. suction head and moisture content) relative to the driving head are greater than the saturated zone variables (i.e. piezometric head). Harmonic analysis of the data reveals no observable generation of higher harmonics in either moisture or pressure despite the strongly non-linear relationship between the two. In addition, a phase lag of moisture content relative to the suction head was observed indicating that the response time of the moisture content to watertable motion is greater than that of the pore water 3 pressure. The observed moisture-pressure dynamics are qualitatively reproduced using a hysteretic Richards' equation model. However, quantitative differences exist which are likely to be due to previous findings that demonstrated that the Richards' equation model is unable to accurately reproduce the observed watertable wave dispersion, particularly at shorter period oscillations.

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“…Such phenomenal has also been shown in the Figure 10 of the paper of Shoushtari et al . (), that the moisture–pressure loops moved left along the propagation direction. Correspondingly, the value of α in Equation varies.…”

Section: Analytical Solutionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(, ) showed better precision compared with traditional Boussinesq models when applied in simulating the wave or tidal induced groundwater wave, the coefficients adopted in the revised models often deviate much away from the actual ones. Some studies have attributed such discrepancy to hysteresis effect, which results in moisture asymmetry during the alternative drying and wetting processes (Stauffer and Kinzelbach, ; Cartwright, ; Shoushtari et al ., ). Furthermore, hysteresis effect has been taken into account in numerical models based on Richard's equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An alternative Boussinesq equation considering the effect of hysteresis on coastal groundwater waves

Kong

Luo

Shen

et al. 2016

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:This paper presents an alternative Boussinesq equation considering hysteresis effect via a third-order derivative term. By introducing an improved moisture-pressure retention function, this equation describes, with reasonable precision, groundwater propagation in coastal aquifers subject to Dirichlet boundary condition of different oscillation frequencies. Test results confirmed that it is necessary to consider horizontal and vertical flows in unsaturated zone, because of their variable influences on hysteresis. Hysteresis in unsaturated zone can affect the water table wave number of groundwater wave motion, such as wave damping rate and phase lag. Oscillations with different periods exert different hysteresis effect on wave propagation. Truncation/shrinkage of unsaturated zones also affects the strength of hysteresis. These impacts can be reflected in the alternative Boussinesq equation by adjusting the parameter representing the variation rate of moisture associated with pressure change, as opposed to traditional computationally expensive hysteresis algorithms. The present Boussinesq equation is simple to use and can provide feasible basis for future coupling of groundwater and surface water models.

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Influence of hysteresis on groundwater wave dynamics in an unconfined aquifer with a sloping boundary

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Barrier island groundwater dynamics

Barrier island groundwater dynamics

Two-dimensional vertical moisture-pressure dynamics above groundwater waves: Sand flume experiments and modelling

An alternative Boussinesq equation considering the effect of hysteresis on coastal groundwater waves

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