Influence of hydrogen injection timing and duration on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating on dual fuel mode using biodiesel of dairy scum oil and producer gas

Effect of compression ratio and injection timing on the performance of microalgae‐based biodiesel blend

“…As the CR increases higher in-cylinder temperature produces in the CI engine at the end of the compression stroke. 11,12 From Figure 3B it has been identified that at IT 23°bTDC, that is, (standard IT) and CR19 the BTE was 33.14% for diesel. From Figure 3A it has been identified that at IT 21°bTDC, that is, (retarded IT) it was 31.64, 31.98, and 32.52 at CR17, CR19, and CR21, respectively, for the blend of B20 and at CR19 the BTE was 33.83% for diesel and B20 blend at standard IT at CR17, CR19, and CR21 it was 31.37, 31.76, and 32.09, respectively.…”

“…Unburned hydrocarbon particles are released into the atmosphere as a result of incomplete fuel combustion or hydrocarbon evaporation. 6,[11][12][13] comparison with diesel microalgae, biodiesel had lower HC emission this might be a result of higher oxygen content, which can help in lowering HC production additionally biodiesel requires more heat to ignite due to its higher flash point. This can lower HC emissions by reducing the amount of fuel consumed in the combustion chamber.…”

“…Only NO x emission was found higher than petroleum‐based diesel (PD), whereas HC, CO, and CO 2 were found lower than PD 7–9,32 . Experimentally investigated the effect of biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae on a single‐cylinder engine with B20 blend, there was a small reduction in engine power and torque was detected, but at the same time, there was a significant reduction in HC, CO, and NO x emissions 6,11–13,33 …”

“…Several researchers attempted to redefine engine design and operating parameters to monitor fuel economy and emissions. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels manufactured from various sources that can be used in diesel engines 10–13 …”

“…[7][8][9]32 Experimentally investigated the effect of biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae on a single-cylinder engine with B20 blend, there was a small reduction in engine power and torque was detected, but at the same time, there was a significant reduction in HC, CO, and NO x emissions. 6,[11][12][13]33 Moreover, the authors evaluated the combustion and emission parameters of microalgae oil and microalgae oil methyl esters (MAO and MAOME). It demonstrated maximum BTE reductions of 5.6% and 3.09%.…”