Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Schnier, Tobias; Emara, Jennifer; Olthof, Selina; Meerholz, Klaus

doi:10.3791/55084

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…It is also worth to point out that the determination of the IP of hybrid perovskites has always revealed challenging, highlighting a strong sensitivity of this quantity to the substrate , surface defects (Haruyama et al, 2014), and termination (Quarti et al, 2017). Specifically, literature data shows dispersion for the UPS measured IP of the prototypical 3D CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 halide perovskite for more than 1 eV (Schnier et al, 2017), which indeed evidences a great sensitivity of the electronic properties of these materials, with respect to the detailed surface structure and synthesis conditions. In this sense, further characterization activity, properly supported by theoretical models, are thus required in order to clarify the mechanisms affecting the energetics of frontier orbitals in hybrid halide perovskites.…”

Section: Electronic Structure Of 2d Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorination of Organic Spacer Impacts on the Structural and Optical Response of 2D Perovskites

et al. 2020

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Low-dimensional hybrid perovskites have triggered significant research interest due to their intrinsically tunable optoelectronic properties and technologically relevant material stability. In particular, the role of the organic spacer on the inherent structural and optical features in two-dimensional (2D) perovskites is paramount for material optimization. To obtain a deeper understanding of the relationship between spacers and the corresponding 2D perovskite film properties, we explore the influence of the partial substitution of hydrogen atoms by fluorine in an alkylammonium organic cation, resulting in (Lc) 2 PbI 4 and (Lf) 2 PbI 4 2D perovskites, respectively. Consequently, optical analysis reveals a clear 0.2 eV blue-shift in the excitonic position at room temperature. This result can be mainly attributed to a band gap opening, with negligible effects on the exciton binding energy. According to Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the band gap increases due to a larger distortion of the structure that decreases the atomic overlap of the wavefunctions and correspondingly bandwidth of the valence and conduction bands. In addition, fluorination impacts the structural rigidity of the 2D perovskite, resulting in a stable structure at room temperature and the absence of phase transitions at a low temperature, in contrast to the widely reported polymorphism in some non-fluorinated materials that exhibit such a phase transition. This indicates that a small perturbation in the material structure can strongly influence the overall structural stability and related phase transition of 2D perovskites, making them more robust to any phase change. This work provides key information on how the fluorine content in organic spacer influence the structural distortion of 2D perovskites and their optical properties which possess remarkable importance for future optoelectronic applications, for instance in the field of light-emitting devices or sensors.

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Section: Electronic Structure Of 2d Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorination of Organic Spacer Impacts on the Structural and Optical Response of 2D Perovskites

et al. 2020

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“…Several reports indicated the benefit of solvent engineering in metal-halide perovskite processing. [12][13][14][15][16] Using solvent mixtures such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or DMSO and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) enables processing of homogeneous, highly crystalline, and uniform films. [13,[17][18][19][20] It is believed that film formation is driven by the formation of a Lewis base adduct of lead-halide precursors and aprotic polar solvent molecules such as DMSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports indicated the benefit of solvent engineering in metal‐halide perovskite processing . Using solvent mixtures such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) or DMSO and gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) enables processing of homogeneous, highly crystalline, and uniform films .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Blocks of Hybrid Perovskites: A Photoluminescence Study of Lead‐Iodide Solution Species

et al. 2020

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In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the optical properties of hybrid perovskite building blocks, [PbI 2 + n ] nÀ , that form in solutions of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and PbI 2. The absorbance, photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and PbI 2 solutions were measured in various solvents and a broad concentration range. Both CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and PbI 2 solutions exhibit absorption features attributed to [PbI 3 ] 1À and [PbI 4 ] 2À complexes. Therefore, we propose a new mechanism for the formation of polymeric polyiodide plumbates in solutions of pristine PbI 2. For the first time, we show that the [PbI 2 + n ] nÀ species in both solutions of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and PbI 2 exhibit a photoluminescence peak at about 760 nm. Our findings prove that the spectroscopic properties of both CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and PbI 2 solutions are dominated by coordination complexes between Pb 2 + and I À. Finally, the impact of these complexes on the properties of solid-state perovskite semiconductors is discussed in terms of defect formation and defect tolerance.

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“…In PV devices [17], semiconductor materials are mostly chosen on the basis of many properties like band gap, electronic mobility, mesoporosity [18,19], toxicity levels, robustness [20,21] and high surface area. So far, many semiconductor oxides have been prepared and tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Nanostructures of Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and Applications

Khan¹,

Javed²,

Islam³

2018

Titanium Dioxide - Material for a Sustainable Environment

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This chapter covers different routes of preparation of hierarchical nanostructures (HNS) of titanium dioxide. Keeping the interest in developing modern and sustainable methods of materials chemistry, this chapter focuses on synthesis routes for TiO 2 HNSs reported by researchers from all over the world. The chapter includes the details of chemical reactions taking place during the synthesis and the effects of various process parameters like: type of surfactants, organic/inorganic titanium salts, temperature and pressure on products. The obtained TiO 2 HNSs from different synthesis routes are subsequently compared in terms of their morphology, crystallite size, surface area, particle size and phase. The merits and demerits of all synthesis techniques are also added for comprehensive information. At the end, various applications of HNSs are discussed and their performance is analyzed with respect to the morphologies obtained from different synthesis techniques.

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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Fluorination of Organic Spacer Impacts on the Structural and Optical Response of 2D Perovskites

Fluorination of Organic Spacer Impacts on the Structural and Optical Response of 2D Perovskites

Building Blocks of Hybrid Perovskites: A Photoluminescence Study of Lead‐Iodide Solution Species

Hierarchical Nanostructures of Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and Applications

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