The structural and superconducting properties of Nd-and Ca-substituted (Nd 1−x Ca x )(Ba 2−y Nd y )Cu 3 O z samples prepared under identical conditions have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, resistivity, ac susceptibility and oxygen content measurements. The effect of increasing Nd concentration in NdBa 2−y Nd y Cu 3 O z lowers the carrier concentration and decreases T c , which is attributed to magnetic pair breaking by local moments and hole filling by Nd. This suppression in T c has been compensated by appropriate hole doping with Ca in (Nd 1−x Ca x )(Ba 2−y Nd y )Cu 3 O z , which shows that for a fixed Nd content at the Ba site T c increases dramatically as the Ca content increases. For instance, in the oxide (Nd 1−x Ca x )(Ba z−y Nd y )Cu 3 O z , the T c increases from 0.0 K (x = 0.0, non-superconductor) to 77.5 K (x = 0.4, compensated oxide) as the magnetic pair breaking and hole filling by Nd is nearly balanced by hole doping from Ca.