Influence of High‐Fat Feeding on Both Naive and Antigen‐Experienced T‐Cell Immune Response in DO10.11 Mice

Abstract

Obesity is becoming one of the most serious public health problems in industrialized societies, due to the profound changes in lifestyle, and notably in nutrition. Beside diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or hypertension, increased susceptibility to infection is one of the pathological consequences of being overweight. In this paper, we have assessed the influence of a high‐fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids on the immune system of DO11.10 mice, which are transgenic for a T‐cell receptor specifically recognizing a peptide of ovalbumin. We showed that the specific T‐cell immune response was impaired by high‐fat feeding, and that the expression of this defect is different depending on whether T cells are naive or Ag experienced. Indeed, on in vitro ovalbumin stimulation, spleen T cells from naive HFD‐fed transgenic mice showed proliferation similar to that of cells from standard diet (SD)‐fed mice, but exhibited a strong inflammatory profile as shown by the markedly increased IFN‐γ/IL‐4 ratio. Inversely, spleen T cells from ovalbumin‐immunized HFD mice were impaired in their Ag‐dependent proliferation compared to cells from SD mice. By co‐culture experiments, we showed that both T cells and antigen‐presenting cells were involved in this impairment. Moreover, in ovalbumin‐immunized HFD animals, a trend towards Th2 response was noted, compared to immunized SD mice. This data implies that naive T cells could participate actively in the low‐grade systemic inflammation observed in overweight patients. Moreover, the impaired activity of Ag‐experienced T cells could have major consequences both in defence against infection and/or in vaccination protocols.

HBHA vaccination may require both Th1 and Th17 immune responses to protect mice against tuberculosis

“…Spleen and lung cells were prepared as previously described [18,19]. Cells were added at 7.5 × 10 5 cells per well in 96-well plates (BD Falcon) and stimulated with medium, 10 g/ml HBHA or PPD or 1 g/ml of Concanavalin A (Sigma).…”

Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Ameliorates Metabolic and Immunological Dysfunction in Mice with High-Fat-Diet Induced Obesity

“…type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular disease) affecting both the developed and the developing world [1][2]. This disorder is the result of a longterm positive energy imbalance and is associated with a chronic state of low grade inflammation and immune dysfunction [3][4][5].…”

Deficiency of lymphotoxin-α does not exacerbate high-fat diet-induced obesity but does enhance inflammation in mice

“…Nearly all of these genes relate to monocyte tissue infiltration and/or macrophage activation and phenotypic switching. However, with the recognition of T cell and B cell involvement in obesity and insulin resistance, it is important to reflect on proteins that are able to modulate lymphocyte biology (5,27,35,47,72,79). Here, we focus on the role in obesity of lymphotoxin-␣ (LT␣), a key cytokine involved in T cell and B cell differentiation, homing, and activation (12,40,78).…”