Influence of Herbicide Safeners on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Tolerance to Herbicides

Abstract

Glasshouse research was conducted to investigate the efficacy of herbicide safeners for improving creeping bentgrass (CBG) tolerance to various herbicides. CBG injury from amicarbazone (150 g ha−1), bispyribac-sodium (110 g ha−1), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (35 g ha−1), imazapic (45 g ha−1), quinclorac (1,050 g ha−1), or topramezone (37 g ha−1) applied in combination with the herbicide safeners naphthalic anhydride or isoxadifen-ethyl was evaluated. These safeners reduced CBG injury from topramezone only. Topramezone was then applied in combination with naphthalic anhydride, isoxadifen-ethyl, cloquintocet-mexyl (cloquintocet), fenchlorazole-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, and benoxacor. These experiments determined that CBG injury was lowest from topramezone in combination with cloquintocet. Additional experiments evaluated topramezone (37 g ha−1) with several rates of cloquintocet and determined that applications at ≥ 28 g ha−1reduced CBG injury similarly. Cloquintocet (28 g ha−1) increased topramezone I50values against CBG, but not large crabgrass or goosegrass. The cytochrome P450 (cP450) inhibitor malathion (1000 g ha−1) reduced topramezone I50values against CBG in one experimental run. Topramezone–cloquintocet combinations warrant further research in field settings.

The safener effect of chiral derivatives of 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine against haloxyfop-P-methyl-induced toxicity in maize

“…Herbicide safeners, also referred to as herbicide antidotes, are a diverse group of chemicals that enhance the detoxification ability of crops to herbicide but without decrease in herbicidal activity (Kraehmer et al, 2014;Elmore et al, 2015). In the late 1940s, the phenomenon of herbicide safener was discovered serendipitously by Otto Hoffman.…”

The Use of Herbicide Safener Increases the Selectivity of Nicosulfuron to Maize Crops

“…A formulation of nicosulfuron combined with a safener of undisclosed name was recently launched in Brazil to ensure the selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize crops. Safeners are chemical compounds that increase the metabolization of herbicides of plants by inducing the expression of detox genes such as the Cyp P450 (Riechers et al, 2010;Kraehmer et al, 2014;Elmore et al, 2015). The safener naphthalic anhydride has shown decreases in damages caused by nicosulfuron in mixtures with the organophosphorus insecticide terbufos in maize crops (Siminszky et al, 1995).…”

Design, microwave-assisted synthesis, bioactivity and SAR of novel substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexanedione enol ester derivatives

“…The safener induces the degradation of the herbicides only in the crops, not in the weeds. 5 This effect is connected with the increased expression of gene coding for the enzymes responsible for herbicide degradation in crops, such as the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), glutathione Stransferases (GST) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. [6][7][8][9] For example, isoxadifen-ethyl exhibited safening activity to protect corn against injury caused by the herbicide foramsulfuron by inducing CYP or glycosyl transferase activity.…”