Influence of heat-treatment of Ketjen Black on the oxygen reduction reaction of Pt/C catalysts

Inoue, Hideo; Hosoya, Kazuhisa; Kannari, Naokatsu; Ozaki, Jun‐ichi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.101

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, addition of catalytically inert carbon will dilute the ZIF-based catalyst density and therefore could cause a loss of volumetric and areal specific activities. In this experiment, we selected Ketjen Black as the carbon additive, which is a frequently used carbon support for fuel cell catalysts [23][24][25][26]. Two samples were prepared with 10 wt % Ketjen Black EC-300J added at different steps of the electrocatalyst synthesis process.…”

Section: Influence Of Adding Carbon Black To Mea Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Active Non-PGM Catalysts Prepared from Metal Organic Frameworks

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Finding inexpensive alternatives to platinum group metals (PGMs) is essential for reducing the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Numerous materials have been investigated as potential replacements of Pt, of which the transition metal and nitrogen-doped carbon composites (TM/Nx/C) prepared from iron doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are among the most active ones in catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction based on recent studies. In this report, we demonstrate that the catalytic activity of ZIF-based TM/Nx/C composites can be substantially improved through optimization of synthesis and post-treatment processing conditions. Ultimately, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic activity must be demonstrated in membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) of fuel cells. The process of preparing MEAs using ZIF-based non-PGM electrocatalysts involves many additional factors which may influence the overall catalytic activity at the fuel cell level. Evaluation of parameters such as catalyst loading and perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer to catalyst ratio were optimized. Our overall efforts to optimize both the catalyst and MEA construction process have yielded impressive ORR activity when tested in a fuel cell system.

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Section: Influence Of Adding Carbon Black To Mea Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Active Non-PGM Catalysts Prepared from Metal Organic Frameworks

et al. 2015

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“…These metals are, however, very expensive (average price is 40 E/g against 2 E/g for Ru for example [from http://www.platinum.matthey.com/prices/price-charts/]), are available in low amounts on earth (37 ppb in the Earth's crust), and are nonbiodegradable. Extensive research has aimed at decreasing the Pt content (for a review see [5] ), such as: 1) nanostructuration of the catalysts, [6,7] 2) use of alloys or heterostructures, [8][9] 3) nanostructuration and treatment of the carbon support, [10][11][12][13] 4) use of noncarbon matrixes such as conducting polymers, [14] and 5) use of semiconductive transitionmetals. [15] Furthermore, platinum catalysts are readily poisoned by very low levels of CO and S (0.1 % of CO is sufficient to decrease one hundred fold the catalytic activity of Pt in ten minutes), thus requiring extensive H 2 purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H₂/O₂ Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective

et al. 2014

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Among sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising devices that deliver electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water. The transformation of the fuel and oxidant however relies on rare‐metal catalysts. H2/O2 enzymatic biofuel cells thus emerge as sustainable biotechnological devices in which chemical catalysts are replaced by hydrogenases at the anode and multicopper oxidases at the cathode. This review discusses the recent breakthroughs and the limitations in all the components of H2/O2 biofuel cells: 1) Catalytic mechanisms involved in multicopper oxidases and hydrogenases, in addition to the new potential of enzymes from the biodiversity pool, which exhibit outstanding properties. 2) The molecular basis for oriented enzyme immobilization on the electrochemical interfaces as a prerequisite for a fast direct electron‐transfer rate. 3) The requirement for 3D networks to enhance current densities. 4) The production of H2 from biomass. 5) The history of H2/O2 biofuel cells and recent devices, which also highlights the remaining issues that will allow the use of such devices in low‐power applications.

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“…In summary, Pt/KB1500 has the following features: (i) a higher SOA than Pt/KB, (ii) a doublet peak for hydrogen adsorption at 0.12 V vs. RHE, and (iii) Pt atoms dispersed in the cloud‐like distribution. Because our previous study revealed a correlation between the SOA values and the charges assigned to the hydrogen adsorption peak at 0.12 V vs. RHE, we tentatively concluded that the presence of atomically distributed Pt atoms is responsible for the higher SOA observed for Pt/KB1500 in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modification of the carbon support surface, which is intended to produce Pt particles with higher activity, is both interesting and challenging because it requires not only obtaining active Pt catalysts but also understanding the interactions between the metal particles and the carbon substrates. We described a preliminary study on this subject in a previous paper . In that study, we selected a carbon black, Ketjen Black EC300 J (KB), as a support material, and we examined the effect of heat treating the support on the catalytic activity of platinum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Properties of an Atomically Dispersed Platinum Catalyst Formed on a Heat-treated Carbon Support

et al. 2016

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Improving the specific oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (SOA) of platinum catalysts is a promising way to reduce the amount of platinum required for the cathode in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In this study, we compared the SOA of Pt catalysts loaded on two types of Ketjen Black: pristine (KB) and a sample heat treated at 1500 °C (KB1500). In addition, we characterized the platinum deposited on the carbon and compared the durability of these catalysts against potential cycling. The platinum catalyst loaded on KB1500 (Pt/KB1500) showed doublet hydrogen adsorption peaks at 0.12 V vs. RHE, observed by cyclic voltammetry, and the formation of atomically disperse platinum catalysts, which formed a cloud‐like distribution with platinum atoms. Such a cloud‐like distribution has not been observed for Pt/KB previously, and the higher SOA of the Pt/KB1500 catalyst was due to the presence of the finely dispersed cloud‐like platinum species. The differences in the surface structure of the carbon supports were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, Raman scattering, electron spin resonance, and temperature‐programmed desorption. The characterization revealed that KB1500 has continuous larger graphitic layers with point defects and holes, whereas KB has smaller graphitic layers whose edge sites are decorated with oxygen functional groups and hydrogen atoms. The durability of Pt/KB1500 in potential cycling tests was determined by cyclic voltammetry between 0.6 and 1.0 V vs. RHE for 10,000 cycles. These measurements revealed the high SOA and survival of the characteristic hydrogen adsorption peak at 0.12 V vs. RHE.

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Influence of heat-treatment of Ketjen Black on the oxygen reduction reaction of Pt/C catalysts

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Highly Active Non-PGM Catalysts Prepared from Metal Organic Frameworks

Highly Active Non-PGM Catalysts Prepared from Metal Organic Frameworks

Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H₂/O₂ Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective

Electrochemical Properties of an Atomically Dispersed Platinum Catalyst Formed on a Heat-treated Carbon Support

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Influence of heat-treatment of Ketjen Black on the oxygen reduction reaction of Pt/C catalysts

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Highly Active Non-PGM Catalysts Prepared from Metal Organic Frameworks

Highly Active Non-PGM Catalysts Prepared from Metal Organic Frameworks

Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H2/O2 Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective

Electrochemical Properties of an Atomically Dispersed Platinum Catalyst Formed on a Heat-treated Carbon Support

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Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H₂/O₂ Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective