Influence of Hardening Additives on the Characteristics of the Tribological TiC–Al2O3 Ceramic Composite Obtained by SHS

Stabilized Anionic Redox by Rational Structural Design from Surface to Bulk for Long‐Life Fast‐Charging Li‐Rich Oxide Cathodes

“…And the peaks at ≈50, ≈100, and ≈200 °C may be contributed to the evaporation of surface water, the decomposition of (NH 4 ) 2 B 4 O 7 , and the evaporation of crystal water, respectively. [39,40,53] The peaks above are attributed to the reaction of LLOs with NH 3 and H 2 B 4 O 7 , which come from the decomposition of ammonium tetraborate, leading to the surface amorphous Li 2 B 4 O 7 coating layer, the reduced Mn element and the generation of more spinel phase. The following several chemical equations maybe can express to describe the whole pretreatment process: The electrochemical performance of LR-B and LR was investigated by the lithium half cells at room temperature, which were tested at a current density of 25 mA g −1 (0.1 C, 1 C = 250 mA g −1 ) and in the voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V versus Li + /Li.…”

“…And the peaks at ≈50, ≈100, and ≈200 °C may be contributed to the evaporation of surface water, the decomposition of (NH 4 ) 2 B 4 O 7 , and the evaporation of crystal water, respectively. [ 39,40,53 ] The peaks above are attributed to the reaction of LLOs with NH 3 and H 2 B 4 O 7 , which come from the decomposition of ammonium tetraborate, leading to the surface amorphous Li 2 B 4 O 7 coating layer, the reduced Mn element and the generation of more spinel phase. The following several chemical equations maybe can express to describe the whole pretreatment process: $$$$\begin{eqnarray}{\left( {{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{4}}} \right)}_{\rm{2}}{{\rm{B}}}_{\rm{4}}{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{7}}{\rm{ = 2N}}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{3}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{2}}{{\rm{B}}}_{\rm{4}}{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{7}}\end{eqnarray}$$$$ $$$$\begin{eqnarray}{\rm{2N}}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{3}}{\rm{ + 12L}}{{\rm{i}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{MnO}}_{\rm{3}}{\rm{ = }}{{\rm{N}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{ + 6LiM}}{{\rm{n}}}_{\rm{2}}{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{4}}{\rm{ + 9L}}{{\rm{i}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{O + 3}}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{O}}\end{eqnarray}$$$$ $$$$\begin{eqnarray}{\rm{Li}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{O + }}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{2}}{{\rm{B}}}_{\rm{4}}{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{7}}{\rm{ = L}}{{\rm{i}}}_{\rm{2}}{{\rm{B}}}_{\rm{4}}{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{7}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{O}}\end{eqnarray}$$$$…”