Influence of Haemolysis on the Mineral Profile of Cattle Serum

Abstract

Haemolysis of serum samples is the leading cause of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories. Little is known about the potential alterations in the concentrations of mineral elements in haemolyzed serum and the phenomenon has not been specifically studied in bovine serum samples. We investigate how haemolysis affects the mineral content of bovine samples. We used ICP-MS to measure the concentrations of 12 mineral elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Se and Zn) in bovine whole blood, serum and gradually haemolyzed samples and observed significant differences between the different types of samples, particularly in the Fe and Zn concentrations. However, in practice, the high interindividual variability makes it difficult to establish whether a given value corresponds to normal or haemolyzed samples. In response to this problem, we propose to consider that a result is significantly biased when the haemolysis threshold (the degree of haemolysis above which the concentration of an element in serum is significantly altered) of a given element is surpassed. The haemolysis threshold values for the different elements considered were found as follows: 0.015 g Hb L−1 for Fe, 2 g for Zn, 4 g for Cr and 8 g for Ca, Se and Mo.

Effects of essential mineral elements deficiency and supplementation on serum mineral elements concentration and biochemical parameters in grazing Mongolian sheep

“…In general, the essential mineral nutrients needed by livestock are categorized into macro-elements and micro-elements, with macro-elements including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and micro-elements including cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iodine (I), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) ( 7 ). The appropriate amounts of these essential mineral elements play a key role in maintaining various biochemical processes for livestock ( 8 ). If the sufficient provision of essential mineral nutrients cannot be ensured, the livestock will suffer mineral deficiency ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Gene Expression of Oxidative/Antioxidative Markers, VDR, CAMK4 and Ceruloplasmin in Baladi Sheep a with Minerals Deficiency

“…Numerous physiological and pathological factors including stress, pregnancy, management, illnesses, diet, and environmental influences, may have an impact on these parameters' levels [33]. The mineral elements' has critical function include physiological, catalytic, and regulatory roles and sustenance of livestock's numerous metabolic activities [7] [34]. Sheep will suffer from mineral shortage if enough supply of vital mineral nutrients is not guaranteed [6].…”

Measuring haemolysis in cattle serum by direct UV–VIS and RGB digital image-based methods

“…The results of routine blood analysis can vary depending on the degree of haemolysis, the animal species involved and the method and instrument used in the analysis. Miscalculations due to haemolysis have been reported for diverse analytes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), g-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, total bilirubin, albumin, glucose, creatinine, urea, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, potassium, sodium and chloride 5 – 11 . The magnitude of difference is highly variable, as for some analytes the relationship with the degree of haemolysis is linear, as with iron, zinc, potassium and bilirubin, while e.g.…”