Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Denne, M. P.; Cahalan, Christine; Aebischer, D.P.

doi:10.1515/hf.1999.033

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…7). In contrast to our results, ring width in Fagus orientalis (semi-ring porous) and N. nervosa (diffuse porous) was also negatively correlated with vessel proportion and frequency, although positively correlated with mean vessel area (Denne et al 1999, Pourtahmasi et al 2011. Similarly, ring width in Q. alba (ring porous) was not correlated to the vessel proportion in earlywood (Phelps & Workman 1994).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…3a) has been also found in other oaks such as Q. suber (Leal et al 2007), Q. garrayana (Lei et al 1996), Q. macrocarpa (George et al 2002) and Q. serrata (Tsuchiya & Furukawa 2009) or in other non-related species such as Nothofagus nervosa (Denne et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Earlywood vessel area was larger in fastgrowing than in slow-growing Juglans nigra trees, but no correlation was found between the earlywood vessel area and ring width (Phelps & Workman 1994). Denne et al (1999) reported that the total vessel proportion decreased significantly as the ring width increase in Nothofagus nervosa, a diffuse porous hardwood species. In Q. suber, the vessel size increased from pith outwards, explaining 32% of the total variation in wood ring density (Leal et al 2007, Leal et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Sousa¹,

Lousada²,

Pereira³

2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionVessel size and distribution throughout a growth ring deeply affect tree physiology and wood utilization. Vessels are the main cell types of the vascular transport system of plants and their importance is higher when the species are under threat of, for example, drought. In fact, the conductive area of vessels seems related to the conductive efficiency and tracks intra-seasonal information (Carlquist 2001, Fonti et al. 2009. Wood characteristics such as texture (i.e., the wood appearance due to cell morphology and density) are affected by vessel characteristics, thereby the quality of wood products is also vessel related (Zobel & Van Buijtenen 1989, Stanzl-Tschegg 2011.The measurement of vessel features such as area and diameter used to be a very timeconsuming task. However, the current use of microscopy coupled with image analysis makes data acquisition and processing more efficient (Gasson 1985, Sass & Eckstein 1994, Fonti et al. 2002, Leal et al. 2007. Recently, the number of studies focusing on the variation of vessel features (e.g., with age, growth and site) and their relation to other wood characteristics (e.g., density) has increased, although data is still scanty and results are often species-specific. The main tendencies in studies on vessel diameter variation have been recently discussed by Anfodillo et al. (2013), with special attention to the relationship between axial conduit widening and tree height.Vessels are key contributors to wood density, that is inversely proportional to their size and number (Savidge 2003). In oaks, vessel proportion (i.e., the percentage of xylem cross-section occupied by vessels) is one of the major anatomical factors affecting latewood density (Rao et al. 1997) and specific gravity (Zhang & Zhong 1992). For instance, in Quercus suber vessel size and number were found to contribute significantly to mean ring wood density (Leal et al. 2011).Contrasting results have been reported so far regarding the variation of vessels with age and tree growth. In Quercus alba the percentage of earlywood vessel area was influenced by the radial position, but not by the ring width (Phelps & Workman 1994). Earlywood vessel area was larger in fastgrowing than in slow-growing Juglans nigra trees, but no correlation was found between the earlywood vessel area and ring width (Phelps & Workman 1994). Denne et al. (1999) reported that the total vessel proportion decreased significantly as the ring width increase in Nothofagus nervosa, a diffuse porous hardwood species. In Q. suber, the vessel size increased from pith outwards, explaining 32% of the total variation in wood ring density (Leal et al. 2007, Leal et al. 2011. In Q. rubra, vessel percentage was also found to be correlated with specific gravity, independently of soil types (Hamilton & Knauss 1986). As for ring porous species, it is generally accepted that latewood width is responsible for the variation in wood ring density, while earlywood width is relatively constant (Chauhan et al. ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Sousa¹,

Lousada²,

Pereira³

2015

iForest

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“…Variation in wood quality and quantity is caused by prevailing environmental conditions (e.g. Yang et al 1988;Jozsa and Brix 1989;Antonova and Stasova 1997;Dutilleul et al 1998;Lindström et al 1998;Yasue et al 2000), genetic factors (Costa e Silva 1998; King et al 1998;Denne et al 1999;Hylen 1999) and silvicultural methods (e.g. Gregg et al 1988;Denne et al 1999;Pape 1999), which affect wood formation causing changes in the number and diameter of tracheids produced by the cambium, as well as thickness and chemical composition of cell walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term nutrient optimisation on stem wood chemistry in Picea abies

Anttonen

Manninen

Saranpää³

et al. 2002

Trees

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The aim of the present study was to determine how long-term nutrient optimisation of Norway spruce stands affects the chemical composition of stem wood. Material for the study was collected from Flakaliden (Sweden) where Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stands have been grown either without fertilisation or under nutrient optimisation treatment, by supplying a complete nutrient mix in the irrigation water every 2nd day during the growing season. The experiment was established in 1987 and in the autumn of 1998, 12 trees were harvested both in control (no fertilisation) and irrigated-fertilised (IL) stands. The increased growth rate caused by the IL treatment affected the chemical composition of the stem wood. The most pronounced effect was a 7% increase in lignin concentration caused by the IL treatment. Increases in concentrations of acid-soluble lignin (1.1-fold), extractives (1.2-fold), soluble sugars (1.3-fold), sterols (1.3-fold) and dehydroabietic acid (1.6-fold) as well as a decrease in the proportional quantity of terpinolene were also found. These results demonstrate that nutrient optimisation affected the chemical composition of Norway spruce wood, which may influence the suitability of such wood for specific end-use purposes.

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“…Recent studies based on xylem traits of woody species have shown that the vessel diameter has a significant positive correlation with growth rate (Denne et al, 1999;Russo et al, 2010). It has been suggested that wider vessels linked directly to higher hydraulic capacity allow faster rates of transpiration and photosynthesis, and thus increase growth rate and make tree species achieve greater heights (Brodribb and Feild, 2000;Stratton et al, 2000;Russo et al, 2010;Anfodillo et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Anatomical Patterns Of Growth Ringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of annual rings of perennial forbs in the Loess Plateau, China

Shi

Wang

et al. 2016

Dendrochronologia

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a b s t r a c tAlthough recent studies have demonstrated that annual growth rings are present among perennial forbs species at high northern latitudes, little is known about whether there are demarcated growth rings of perennial forbs in the Loess Plateau of China where plant growth is strongly limited by dry climate conditions and severe soil erosion. In this study, we collected the main roots of 11 perennial forbs species along the precipitation gradient in the Loess Plateau, and analyzed the growth rings in the secondary root xylem. We found that ten species showed distinct annual growth rings, and the anatomical patterns, including vessel size and density, varied considerably among different families. Our results suggest, for forbs species in the Loess Plateau, that vessel diameter in the root xylem was strongly correlated with growth rate of the forb's roots. Ring widths of the forbs showed a significant declining trend, reflecting the deteriorating signal of growth condition with age. In comparison to other families, forb species of Fabaceae usually have the evidently larger vessels that link directly to higher hydraulic capacity and growth rate. In terms of annual ring width patterns, this study provides an applicable approach to detecting effects of limited climatic conditions and life history strategies on herbaceous vegetation in the Loess Plateau.

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Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Effects of long-term nutrient optimisation on stem wood chemistry in Picea abies

Comparative analysis of annual rings of perennial forbs in the Loess Plateau, China

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