“…Based on the dual perspectives of formal and informal institutions, we also reveal the important role of the interplay between corporate governance mechanisms and ESG rating divergence in promoting corporate green innovation. In addition, the consequences of green innovation are also of great concern in academia (see e.g., Chen et al, 2023; Hao, Chen, et al, 2022; Ho et al, 2023; Huang & Li, 2017; Lin et al, 2020; Xie et al, 2019). We provide empirical evidence that firms can leverage green innovation as a response to ESG rating divergence, which supports the role of green innovation in stakeholder management (Chen, Zhu, et al, 2023; Wang, Song & Wang, 2023; Zhang et al, 2020).…”