Influence of grazing on channel morphology of intermittent streams

George, M. R.; Larsen, R. E.; McDougald, Neil K.

doi:10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i6_george

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although studies have shown significant reductions in stream bank erosion resulting from cattle exclusion Zaimes et al, 2008), other studies have not (Allen-Diaz et al, 1998;George et al, 2002;. These results suggest that the effect of cattle on stream bank erosion is site or method-specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Studies have associated the impact of grazing on stream bank erosion with the removal of vegetation and hoof treading . However, the effects of cattle on stream bank erosion is still largely unclear, as some studies have noted increased amounts of bank erosion with cattle grazing Zaimes et al, 2008a), while others have not found differences (Allen-Diaz et al, 1998;George et al, 2002). Additionally, many studies seem to have serious faults.…”

Section: Bank Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the risks of nonpoint source pollution of pasture streams related to grazing management

Schwarte

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Sediment, phosphorus (P), and fecal pathogens lost from grazed pastures contribute to the non-point source pollution of surface waters. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to observe the effect of different grazing management techniques on the amount of time cattle spend in or near pasture streams and on the amount of sediment, P, and fecal pathogen loading of into the streams. During the 2008 and 2009 grazing season, a study was conducted at the Iowa State University Rhodes Research and Demonstration Farm utilizing six adjoining 12.1-ha pastures that were bisected by a 141-m reach of stream. The pastures were grouped into two blocks and assigned one of three treatments: continuous stocking with unrestricted stream access (CSU), continuous stocking with stream access restricted to 4.9-m wide stabilized crossings (CSR), or rotational stocking (RS). Pastures were stocked with 15 fall-calving black Angus cows from mid-May to mid-October for 153 days in both years. For two weeks of each month, GPS collars were placed on at least one cow per pasture. For one of the two weeks, alternative off-stream water was made available to cattle in CSU and CSR pastures to determine the effect of off-stream water on cattle distribution. Each month the cattle were stocked on the pastures, bare and fecal-covered ground was measured. Rainfall simulations were conducted in June, August, and October of 2008, April, June, August, and October of 2009, and April of 2010 at six vegetated and six bare locations on the stream banks in CSU and RS pastures and six vegetated locations on the stream banks within the riparian buffer in CSR pastures. In June and August of both years, two cows per pasture were given a bolus of Cr-mordent fiber to determine total and P fecal output. Shedding of the fecal pathogens was measured by collected fresh fecal samples from all 90 cows in June, August, and September of both years. Stream bank erosion was measured by erosion pins at 10 1 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION THESIS ORGANIZATION This thesis is organized as an introduction to the research and related literature review followed by a brief description of the hypothesis for developing this research and its objectives. Manuscripts for submission to the Journal of Animal Science and the Journal of Environmental Quality follow the literature review and introduction of research. Following the manuscripts are a general conclusion, appendices of additional information, and acknowledgements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Bank Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the risks of nonpoint source pollution of pasture streams related to grazing management

Schwarte

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“…Of 87 sampling reaches evaluated within the study area, we found 32 in Proper Functioning Condition (PFC) with a stable trend; 49 were Functional at Risk (FAR) with an undetermined trend, and 6 were ranked Nonfunctional (NF) (Figure 3 & 4). In almost every case where a stream channel Grazing in riparian areas can cause stream and river bank destabilization, loss of riparian shade, and increased sediment and nutrient loads in the aquatic ecosystem (George et al 2002). The livestock use index (CPI) largely correlated with the functional assessment rank with NF and some FAR reaches reporting high CPI (Appendix A).…”

Section: Habitat Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline assessments for fish, macroinvertebrates, and herpetofauna in the headwaters of Otter and Hanging Woman Creeks within the Tongue Powder CBNG Area

Stagliano¹

2011

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This report summarizes the first year of activities on the Aquatic Baseline Assessment for Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Herpetofauna in the Headwaters of Otter and Hanging Woman Creeks. Project goals include: 1) to survey and collect baseline information about the aquatic communities occurring in the Northwestern Great Plains Intermittent Stream ecological systems within unsurveyed portions of the headwaters of these two streams prior to CBNG development; and 2) to assess aquatic community integrity by identifying and interpreting key community indicators found at the sites using standardized protocols and biotic thresholds, and to compare these against reference condition standards at the watershed level and local reach scale. Habitat assessments, water quality measurements, herpotofauna, macroinvertebrate and/or fish surveys were performed at 20 predetermined lotic (stream channel) reaches (per conversation with J. Chaffin). These included sites on upper Otter and Hanging Woman Creeks, Trail and Bear Creeks and any tributaries containing suitable aquatic habitats. In total, we evaluated 87 stream reaches, of which 27 were dry reaches or ephemeral tributaries. Sixty stream reaches were seined or dip-netted for fish, of these, only 12 sites contained fish while 37 sites contained amphibians. Biological community integrity was calculated at 12 sites using Fish Integrated Biotic Indices (IBI's) and Observed/Expected Models (O/E), 20 sites were assessed with macroinvertebrate multi-metrics (MT MMI). The Northwestern Great Plains Intermittent Prairie Stream ecological system, which dominates this region, may not always contain fish, but is an important breeding and rearing areas for many species of amphibians and reptiles. acknowlEdgEmEntS v We would like to thank Jake Chaffin of the Bureau of Land Management-Miles City Field Office and the Interagency BLM Aquatic Task Group, headed by Bill Osthiemer of the BLM Wyoming for funding this project under agreement # L08AC13222. Report review and editing was provided by Bryce Maxell and Linda Vance. Fieldwork assistance was provided by Brent Cascadian, map production by Meghan Burns and report formatting by Coburn Currier (MTNHP). All photos in the report were taken by MTNHP personnel, unless otherwise noted.

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“…The significance of treatment, as defined in this analysis, with respect to cross sectional area is a relatively new result for two important reasons. First, this study was holistic in design, examining a management system rather than individual components of a management system such as alternate water source (Sheffield et al 1997), exclusion fencing (Trimble, 1994;Kauffman et al, 1983), or grazing intensity (George et al, 2002;Marlow et al, 1987) on streambank erosion. Logan (1990) points to the need of multiple types of BMPs (i.e.…”

Section: Significant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambank Erosion Associated with Grazing Practices in Central Kentucky

Agouridis¹,

Edwards²,

Workman³

et al. 2004

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004

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Research into the effects of cattle grazing on stream health has been well documented in the western portion of the United States, but is lacking in the east. Western researchers have estimated that 80% of the damage incurred by stream and riparian systems in these arid environments was from grazing livestock. Stream and riparian damage resulting from grazing includes alterations in watershed hydrology, changes to stream morphology, soil compaction and erosion, destruction of vegetation, and water quality impairments. The objective of this project was to provide the agricultural community with a better understanding of the impacts of cattle grazing on stream bank erosion so as to enhance current cattle production methods on farms in the humid region of the U.S. The project site, located on the University of Kentucky's Animal Research Center, consisted of two replications of three treatments: control, selected BMPs with free access to the stream, and selected BMPs with limited access to the stream. Fifty permanent cross sections were established throughout the project site. Over a two year period, 18 surveys were conducted using conventional surveying techniques. Changes in stream cross sectional area were used to quantify soil loss or gain associated with the different treatment levels Results from this project indicated that streambank erosion can be minimized though the incorporation on a BMP system (with or without a fenced riparian area). In the absence of a protected riparian zone, grazing managers should modify their practices to minimize cattle activity (i.e. flash grazing, no grazing), and associated erosion along streambanks, during periods characterized by higher flows and/or hot humid conditions.

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Influence of grazing on channel morphology of intermittent streams

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of the risks of nonpoint source pollution of pasture streams related to grazing management

Assessment of the risks of nonpoint source pollution of pasture streams related to grazing management

Baseline assessments for fish, macroinvertebrates, and herpetofauna in the headwaters of Otter and Hanging Woman Creeks within the Tongue Powder CBNG Area

Streambank Erosion Associated with Grazing Practices in Central Kentucky

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