Influence of gravidity and foetal gender on the value of screening variables in the first trimester of pregnancy

Illescas, Tamara; Fernández, Cristina; Ortega, Dolores; Puente, Miriam de la; Coronado, Pluvio; Montalvo, Joaquín

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.10.023

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore hCG promotes angiogenesis in the uterine vasculature and blocks any immunological action by the mother on foreign invading placental cells . Previous studies show that women carrying a female fetus have higher serum levels of hCG compared with women carrying a male fetus . In our own birth cohort the same phenomenon was observed (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…25 Previous studies show that women carrying a female fetus have higher serum levels of hCG compared with women carrying a male fetus. [26][27][28][29][30][31] In our own birth cohort the same phenomenon was observed (data not shown). We hypothesise that due to lower levels of hCG male embryos experience lower endometrial receptivity, resulting in increased suboptimal placentation and higher mortality rates in early pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Fetal sex dependency of maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy: a prospective population‐based cohort study

Broere-Brown

Schalekamp‐Timmermans

Hofman

et al. 2015

BJOG

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Objective To investigate fetal sex dependency of maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy as assessed by uteroplacental vascular resistance and maternal blood pressure.Design Prospective population-based cohort study.Setting Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Population In total, 8224 liveborn singleton pregnancies were included.Methods Maternal vascular adaptation was assessed in all trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnancies were stratified into being either complicated by the placental syndrome (i.e. pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction or preterm birth, n = 1229) or uncomplicated (n = 6995).Main outcome measures First trimester: blood pressures. Second trimester: blood pressures, pulsatility index of the uterine artery (PI-UtA). Third trimester: blood pressures, PI-UtA, presence of notching in the uterine artery.Results In women carrying a male fetus PI-UtA was higher than in women with a female fetus in the total group (second trimester P < 0.001, third trimester P = 0.005). Effect estimates differed between women with or without the placental syndrome. In the total group, women with a male fetus more often showed notching in the Doppler resistance pattern (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.72). Different blood pressure patterns were observed between pregnant women with a male fetus and pregnant women with a female fetus and between complicated pregnancies and uncomplicated pregnancies.Conclusion Fetal sex is significantly associated with maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy with differential effects in uncomplicated pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by the placental syndrome.Keywords Blood pressure, fetal growth restriction, fetal sex, preeclampsia, pulsatility index, spontaneous preterm birth, notching. Please cite this paper as: Broere-Brown ZA, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Steegers EAP. Fetal sex dependency of maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy: a prospective population-based cohort study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Fetal sex dependency of maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy: a prospective population‐based cohort study

Broere-Brown

Schalekamp‐Timmermans

Hofman

et al. 2015

BJOG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The impact of fetal gender on the NT thickness has been previously studied, and most studies show that male fetuses have thicker NT than female fetuses in normal or unselected population. 1,[4][5][6][7][8][9] This difference was not, however, shown in two studies with relatively small study populations. 3,10 Male fetuses also have thicker nuchal fold in the second trimester compared with that of female fetuses in a normal population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Several studies show that the NT in unselected or normal population is thicker among male fetuses compared with that of female fetuses . The largest of these studies by Cowans et al showed a 9.41% decrease in delta NT for female fetuses compared with male fetuses in a population of 56 024 normal pregnancies .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnancy‐associated variables, such as fetal gender, also affect the serum markers . The impact of fetal gender on the NT thickness has been previously studied, and most studies show that male fetuses have thicker NT than female fetuses in normal or unselected population . This difference was not, however, shown in two studies with relatively small study populations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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