Abstract:Polymeric blends based on polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-styrenebutadiene copolymer (ABS) are applied mainly in the electronic and automotive industries. Studies to improve the properties of PC/ABS blend have led to graphene nanoplates (GNP) addition, a carbon nanofiller derived from graphite that presents some of the promising properties of graphene. In this work, the effect of the addition of GNP (3 and 5 wt%) and maleic anhydride grafted ABS (ABS-g-MAH) were evaluated on the thermal, mechanical, rheol… Show more
“…The addition of the single fillers had affected the rheological behavior in lower frequencies (Figure 3). The addition of 3 and 5 wt% of GNP in the PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH blend maintains the η * values similar to the matrix; by its shape, it is expected that GNP might be aligned in the shear flow direction 15 . That behavior was observed in the micrographs and justified the slight increase in the η * for both GNP contents (Figure 3a).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…Thus, the hybrid nanocomposites had not achieved the electrical percolation threshold with low fillers content diverting from the literature 23 . That might be associated with the presence of ABS‐ g ‐MAH, which on the one hand, reduces the size of the ABS phase in the PC/ABS blend and, on the other hand, could promote agglomeration of the nanofillers during the preparation process, 15 once the melt mixing process is not the most likely to achieve higher electrical properties 55 . The H 5/1.0 sample had an expressive reduction of four magnitude orders in its electrical resistivity (around 10 6 Ω cm).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…For the CNT 1.0 nanocomposite (Figure 2a, with the MWCNT indicated by the yellow arrows), it is possible to observe that MWCNT were dispersed preferentially in the PC phase and the PC/ABS interface, with no preferential orientation with the injection flow 18 . Although, the GNP (shown in yellow circles) were preferentially aligned in the injection flow direction 15 in the GNP nanocomposites (Figure 2b) and hybrid nanocomposites (Figure 2c,d).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…An alternative to promote this blend to a multifunctional material with EMI SE and reinforce its mechanical and thermal properties, the addition of carbon‐based nanomaterial could be highlighted in the literature for different nanofillers like carbon black (CB), 9,13 graphene oxide, 14 graphene nanoplates (or nanoplatelets, GNP), 7,8,10,11,15 and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) 3,5,6,16 . These last two fillers are allotropes of carbon atoms sp 2 ‐hybridized structurally organized in a hexagonal pattern.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent works of our research group, the thermal, electrical, mechanical, and EMI SE properties of PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH/GNP 15 and PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH/MWCNT 18 nanocomposites were studied. Based on the results of these works, we aimed to prepare PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH blends‐based GNP/MWCNT hybrid nanocomposites using traditional industrial processes (extrusion and injection molding) focused on promoting the electrical and EMI SE properties of this blend.…”
Hybrid nanocomposites of graphene nanoplates (GNP) and multi‐wall carbons nanotubes (MWCNT) might balance the best properties of these nanofillers and proportion synergistic effects to some specific properties as the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (EMI SE). These nanocomposites are being studied in many polymer matrixes, and a promising one should be the blend of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butadiene copolymer (ABS) that are applied mainly in the electronics industry. In this work, the hybrid nanocomposites of GNP/MWCNT in a PC/ABS/ABS‐g‐MAH polymer blend matrix were prepared by melt mixing, using extrusion and injection molding. The rheological, electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties were analyzed to clarify the effect of using individually and both fillers. The morphologies of the hybrid nanocomposites revealed that the fillers were close to each other at the polymer matrix, interacting and forming some hybrid agglomerates. The effect of these hybrids agglomerates was confirmed as a deviation to solid‐like behavior (G′ > G″) in the rheological analyses, and the electrical percolation threshold was only achieved for the hybrid nanocomposites with higher content of nanofillers, 5 wt% of GNP and 1 wt% of MWCNT with electrical resistivity of 106 Ω cm. The same composition had a synergetic effect on the EMI SE properties (11 dB at 8.4 GHz), with a higher attenuation by absorption component, also in the dynamical mechanical, thermal behavior, increasing the Storage modulus and the statical mechanical properties increasing the shore D hardness, the elastic modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The hybrid nanocomposites of GNP/MWCNT were promising materials for electronic housing with EMI SE properties.
“…The addition of the single fillers had affected the rheological behavior in lower frequencies (Figure 3). The addition of 3 and 5 wt% of GNP in the PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH blend maintains the η * values similar to the matrix; by its shape, it is expected that GNP might be aligned in the shear flow direction 15 . That behavior was observed in the micrographs and justified the slight increase in the η * for both GNP contents (Figure 3a).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…Thus, the hybrid nanocomposites had not achieved the electrical percolation threshold with low fillers content diverting from the literature 23 . That might be associated with the presence of ABS‐ g ‐MAH, which on the one hand, reduces the size of the ABS phase in the PC/ABS blend and, on the other hand, could promote agglomeration of the nanofillers during the preparation process, 15 once the melt mixing process is not the most likely to achieve higher electrical properties 55 . The H 5/1.0 sample had an expressive reduction of four magnitude orders in its electrical resistivity (around 10 6 Ω cm).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…For the CNT 1.0 nanocomposite (Figure 2a, with the MWCNT indicated by the yellow arrows), it is possible to observe that MWCNT were dispersed preferentially in the PC phase and the PC/ABS interface, with no preferential orientation with the injection flow 18 . Although, the GNP (shown in yellow circles) were preferentially aligned in the injection flow direction 15 in the GNP nanocomposites (Figure 2b) and hybrid nanocomposites (Figure 2c,d).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…An alternative to promote this blend to a multifunctional material with EMI SE and reinforce its mechanical and thermal properties, the addition of carbon‐based nanomaterial could be highlighted in the literature for different nanofillers like carbon black (CB), 9,13 graphene oxide, 14 graphene nanoplates (or nanoplatelets, GNP), 7,8,10,11,15 and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) 3,5,6,16 . These last two fillers are allotropes of carbon atoms sp 2 ‐hybridized structurally organized in a hexagonal pattern.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent works of our research group, the thermal, electrical, mechanical, and EMI SE properties of PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH/GNP 15 and PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH/MWCNT 18 nanocomposites were studied. Based on the results of these works, we aimed to prepare PC/ABS/ABS‐ g ‐MAH blends‐based GNP/MWCNT hybrid nanocomposites using traditional industrial processes (extrusion and injection molding) focused on promoting the electrical and EMI SE properties of this blend.…”
Hybrid nanocomposites of graphene nanoplates (GNP) and multi‐wall carbons nanotubes (MWCNT) might balance the best properties of these nanofillers and proportion synergistic effects to some specific properties as the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (EMI SE). These nanocomposites are being studied in many polymer matrixes, and a promising one should be the blend of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butadiene copolymer (ABS) that are applied mainly in the electronics industry. In this work, the hybrid nanocomposites of GNP/MWCNT in a PC/ABS/ABS‐g‐MAH polymer blend matrix were prepared by melt mixing, using extrusion and injection molding. The rheological, electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties were analyzed to clarify the effect of using individually and both fillers. The morphologies of the hybrid nanocomposites revealed that the fillers were close to each other at the polymer matrix, interacting and forming some hybrid agglomerates. The effect of these hybrids agglomerates was confirmed as a deviation to solid‐like behavior (G′ > G″) in the rheological analyses, and the electrical percolation threshold was only achieved for the hybrid nanocomposites with higher content of nanofillers, 5 wt% of GNP and 1 wt% of MWCNT with electrical resistivity of 106 Ω cm. The same composition had a synergetic effect on the EMI SE properties (11 dB at 8.4 GHz), with a higher attenuation by absorption component, also in the dynamical mechanical, thermal behavior, increasing the Storage modulus and the statical mechanical properties increasing the shore D hardness, the elastic modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The hybrid nanocomposites of GNP/MWCNT were promising materials for electronic housing with EMI SE properties.
Polypropylene (PP)/talc composites are used extensively in the automotive, aeronautical, and consumer goods industries; however, the increasing demand for more efficient, safe, and less environmentally impact materials makes it necessary to include new reinforcements. In this way, the use of graphene nanoplates (GNP) is a good alternative because this carbon‐based material allows the achievement of new multifunctional nanocomposites with improved properties and process optimization. In this work, PP/talc (80/20) composites were prepared with the addition of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% of GNP using the extrusion process and injection molding. Morphological, thermal, rheological, mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic characterizations were performed. The addition of GNPs led to a linear reduction in the melt flow index (MFI) of the samples. A rheological percolation was observed in the sample with the addition of 7 wt% of GNP. The addition of 5 and 7 wt% of GNP led to significant increases in elastic modulus and Shore D hardness. The electrical and electromagnetic evaluation showed that the increase of GNP in the compositions contributed to improvements in electrical conductivity and permittivity, resulting in a proportional increment in the total attenuation component (SET).
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were used as a filler for the preparation of antistatic and antimicrobial packaging based on biodegradable blends of poly(acid lactic)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) for the electronic components industry. These packages must have low electrical resistivity and mechanical resistance. The use of biodegradable polymers helps to reduce waste and the addition of GNP can also contribute to antimicrobial activity. In this work, the effect of the addition of GNP on the thermal, mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic properties, and antimicrobial activity of the PLA/PHVB blend was evaluated. PLA/PHBV (80/20) blends with the addition of 1, 3, and 5 wt% of GNP were prepared by melt mixing using extrusion and injection‐mold processes. The samples were characterized by mechanical tests (tensile test, and Shore D hardness), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), impedance spectroscopy, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE), antimicrobial activity, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. In general, the addition of GNP contributes to the increase in elastic modulus and Shore D hardness. The percolation threshold was obtained with the addition of 3 or 5 wt% of GNP in the PLA/PHBV blend with a reduction of 3 orders of magnitude in the electrical resistivity, which can be applied to antistatic packaging. All the nanocomposites exhibited antimicrobial activity, and the addition of 5 wt% GNP inhibited 86% of the growth of Escherichia coli. The PLA/PHBV blend‐based GNP nanocomposite with the addition of 5 wt% of GNP presents the best balance of mechanical properties, with low electrical resistivity, greater total shielding effectiveness of EMI SE, and antimicrobial activity.
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