Influence of gradual adaptation of cattle to Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal on biodegradation of mimosine and 3- hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4 DHP) in rumen, their levels in blood, fate and influence of absorbed DHP on thyroid hormones and liver enzymes

Gupta, Hittu; Atreja, P.P.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00167-9

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the present study, AST and ALT (Table 8) activity was within a normal physiological range, indicating no damage to the liver as increases of their activities have been reported to be associated with hepatic necrosis and other disease conditions related to histopathological changes (Benjamin 1985). Similar observations have also been recorded by other workers (Girdhar et al 1991;Gupta & Atreja 1998).…”

Section: Influence Of Mimosine and Dhp On Thyroid Hormonessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, in the present study none of the experimental animals showed any visible toxicity symptoms due to leucaena feeding. The retardation in voluntary DMI has been related to an increased proportion of leucaena in the diets of cattle (Blunt & Jones 1977; Ram et al 1994), depending on the extent of biodegradation of mimosine and/or its metabolites (Hegarty et al 1964; Ram et al 1994; Feng & Atreja 1998; Gupta & Atreja 1998). Improvements in DMI (Table 1) were evident following withdrawal of leucaena from the animals' diets, thereby revealing that short-term negative effects observed due to leucaena feeding could be reversed by changing to a non leucaena-based diet without any adverse effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ruminants, mimosine is degraded in the rumen (Hegarty et al 1964; Ram et al 1994; Samanta et al 1994; Feng & Atreja 1998; Gupta & Atreja 1998), 3,4-DHP (Hegarty et al 1979; Jones & Hegarty 1984; Gupta & Atreja 1998) and 2,3-DHP (Jones & Hegarty 1984; D'Mello, 1992) to various metabolites. Mimosine and its metabolites may be absorbed through the rumen wall, pass to the lower gut to be absorbed there, or excreted in the faeces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No detrimental effects of mimosine on animal health or performance are observed when leucaena constitutes only a small proportion of the diet (Hamilton 1971). Gupta & Atreja (1998) did not observe any adverse effect on milk yield in goats fed gradually increasing levels of dietary leucaena DM (up to 750 g/kg). When leucaena was the sole component of the diet, a reduction in milk yield was reported that was attributed to either toxic effects or low nutrient intake; furthermore, these workers observed that neither mimosine nor DHP were secreted in goats' milk, thus rendering it safe for consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Influence of short-term Leucaena leucocephala feeding on milk yield and its composition, thyroid hormones, enzyme activity, and secretion of mimosine and its metabolites in milk of cattle

et al. 2007

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SU MMARYFour Karan/Friesian crossbred (HolsteinrTharparkar) dairy cows in late lactation (>200 days) were fed a basic diet of green maize and concentrates with an increasing proportion of Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) leaf meal (LLM). The proportion was gradually increased from 0 . 25 of the dry matter intake (DMI) in the first week to 0 . 50 in the second, 0 . 75 in the third and ad libitum in the fourth week. Mimosine, 3,4-dihydroxy pyridine (3,4-DHP) and 2,3-dihydroxy pyridone (2,3-DHP) levels were determined in milk, serum, urine and faecal samples. On average DMI of leucaena was 0 . 023-0 . 025, 0 . 025-0 . 027, 0 . 027-0 . 028 and 0 . 022-0 . 025 of live weight (LW) during the first, second, third and fourth week, respectively. Mimosine, 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP appeared in the blood serum during leucaena feeding and continued appearing up to sixth week of experimental feeding even after the withdrawal of leucaena from the 34th day onwards. Similarly, excretion of mimosine, 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP were observed even after withdrawal of leucaena from the diet. The feeding of LLM resulted in a reduced level of T 3 (Triiodothyronine) and T 4 (Thyroxine) within a week of LLM feeding. The level of T 3 and T 4 improved to normal after withdrawal of LLM from the diet. The serum aspartate transferase (AST) and serum alanine transferase (ALT) activities were within the normal range. Leucaena feeding improved milk yield and composition only up to 3 weeks of feeding. The concentration of mimosine, 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP in milk was 0 . 33, 0 . 05 and 0 . 02 that of blood, respectively. The secretion of mimosine, 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP in the milk might be a concern for health of the offspring of leucaena-fed animals as well as human beings consuming such milk.

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Section: Influence Of Mimosine and Dhp On Thyroid Hormonessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of short-term Leucaena leucocephala feeding on milk yield and its composition, thyroid hormones, enzyme activity, and secretion of mimosine and its metabolites in milk of cattle

et al. 2007

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“…It has potential as a supplement in the primarily crop residue-based small ruminants feeding systems common to most of the tropics. Considering its easy accessibility and good forage quality with an average crude protein (CP) content ranging from 140 to 300 g/kg (Akbar & Gupta 1985; Gupta & Atreja 1998; Pattanaik et al 2000), leucaena is very suitable, both on an economic and nutritional basis, as a protein supplement to cereal straw-based feeding regimens by the resource-poor farmers of developing countries. However, the presence of mimosine impedes the effective and optimal exploitation of this protein-rich forage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of iodine on nutritional, metabolic and immunological response of goats fed Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal diet

2007

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SU MMARYFifteen indigenous nondescript kids (8 . 2 kg; 8 months initial age), randomly allotted into three equal groups, were used to study the effects of supplementation of extra iodine on their performance when fed a leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal containing diet. Group I (CON) was fed a control concentrate supplement consisting of a conventional protein source whereas the other two groups (LL and LLI) were fed a concentrate containing leucaena leaf meal so as to supply 0 . 5 of the net crude protein (CP) requirements. Additionally, animals in group LLI were given supplemental iodine (as potassium iodide solution) at 0 . 25 mg/head/day. Wheat straw was provided ad libitum as the sole source of roughage during the 120 days of the experimental period. A metabolism trial, conducted at the end of the feeding trial, revealed no variation in the dry matter intake (DMI) among the groups. A significant (P<0 . 01) decline was evident in digestibility of CP in both the leucaena-fed groups (0 . 463 and 0 . 482 versus 0 . 586) whilst that of the other organic components remained unaffected. Animals on the LL diet exhibited lower (P<0 . 01) nitrogen retention and average daily gain (ADG) in live weight (LW). Blood collected periodically was analysed for the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ) as well as other biochemical parameters. At the end of the experimental feeding, the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response of the goats was assessed by intra-dermal inoculation of phytohaemagglutinin-P and measuring the change in skin thickness at various postinoculation hours. The results revealed that the serum concentration of glucose was significantly (P<0 . 05) higher in the LLI group of animals fed leucaena with iodine. The concentration of cholesterol in serum of LL animals increased significantly (P<0 . 05) compared to the CON and LLI groups. No variation due to dietary interventions was evident in other indices of metabolic profile. While the concentration of circulating T 3 remained unaffected due to dietary intervention, that of T 4 reduced significantly (P<0 . 05) in the LL group. Moreover, the T 4 concentration in the LLI group remained similar to that of control indicative of positive impact of iodine supplementation. The immune response revealed that the skin thickness of animals in the LL group was lower (P<0 . 05) as compared to the control, indicating a compromise of CMI response due to feeding of leucaena leaf meal. Supplementation of iodine appeared to be partially effective in potentiating the response. In conclusion, iodine supplementation could be adopted as a strategic management strategy to ameliorate the negative impacts of feeding leucaena leaf meal in growing kids.

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Effects of origin, experiences early in life, and genetics on bitterweed consumption by sheep

Frost¹,

Scott²,

Walker³

et al. 2003

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Influence of gradual adaptation of cattle to Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal on biodegradation of mimosine and 3- hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4 DHP) in rumen, their levels in blood, fate and influence of absorbed DHP on thyroid hormones and liver enzymes

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of short-term Leucaena leucocephala feeding on milk yield and its composition, thyroid hormones, enzyme activity, and secretion of mimosine and its metabolites in milk of cattle

Influence of short-term Leucaena leucocephala feeding on milk yield and its composition, thyroid hormones, enzyme activity, and secretion of mimosine and its metabolites in milk of cattle

Influence of iodine on nutritional, metabolic and immunological response of goats fed Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal diet

Effects of origin, experiences early in life, and genetics on bitterweed consumption by sheep

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