Influence of gradation and proportion of sand on stress–strain behavior of clay–sand mixtures

Nagaraj, H. B.

doi:10.1186/s40703-016-0033-8

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea. 2 Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.…”

Section: Author Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of clay content on the shear strength of clay–sand mixture

2018

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While soil mechanics have been developed chiefly based on the test results of pure sand or pure clay, the soils encountered in the field are mostly mixtures of various soils. The mechanical behavior of such soil mixtures is very difficult to define in a few parameters as the fraction of fine and coarse grains can be infinite. Nevertheless, the behavior of soil mixtures has been investigated with different combination of different soil types. Numerous researches have been conducted on clay-silt-sand mixtures [1-8]. Karim et al. [1] defined the limit fine content where the behavior of the mixtures changed, which was determined to be 30% of fine content. Nagaraj [2] conducted unconfined compressive tests using the clay-sand mixtures of sand, bentonite, kaolinite and two natural soils. It was discovered that the mixtures had the highest unconfined compressive strength at 40 to 60% of sand fractions regardless of clay type. Vallejo et al. [3] measured the shear strength and the porosity of the kaolinite clay-sand mixtures with various clay content. The shear strength of the mixtures was governed by sand at clay content lower than 25%, while governed by clay at clay content higher than 60%. Chang et al. [4] conducted a cyclic simple shear test on the kaolinite clay-sand mixtures, and discovered that cyclic resistance and clay content were in a linear relationship at the same void ratio. Simpson et al. [5] used kaolinite clay-sand mixture for oedometer test, fall

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Section: Author Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of clay content on the shear strength of clay–sand mixture

2018

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“…Sand gradation has shown a significant influence on the strength of the clay-sand mixture in any percentage of sand. Clay-medium sand mixtures have shown to have the maximum strength, followed by clay-fine sand and clay-coarse sand mixtures [8]. Nagaraj [8] did not mention in his paper the dry density values of the mixtures that he worked on in the study of their strength.…”

Section: Figure 19 Compressive Strength Versus Dry Density and Water Content According Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unconfined compression tests were also performed on statically reconstituted samples according to IS: 2720-part 10 by Nagaraj [8]. Cylindrical specimens were 76 mm high and 38 mm in diameter, and therefore have a height to diameter ratio of 2.…”

Section: Figure 19 Compressive Strength Versus Dry Density and Water Content According Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand is a natural granular material and due to its high bearing capacity, it can be used as a filler material to improve the behavior of expansive soils. Therefore, sand can be used in various percentages by mixing it with expansive soil and thus altering the properties of plasticity, compaction, strength and permeability (Hydraulic conductivity, k) of mixtures [8] [9] [10] [11]. It is also well known that expansive soils comprise of different proportions of coarse fractions, which vary as function of soil, and therefore, studying the effect of sand on the behavior of the expansive soil has a high degree of importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the effect of sand on the behavior of expansive clayey soils

Alnmr

Ray

2021

Acta Tech. Jaurinensis

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Clayey soils often showed undesirable engineering behavior such as low bearing capacity, swelling and shrinkage characteristics. However, chemical improvement, thermal improvement and improvement by additives like lime, cement and sand offer an efficient technique to overcome the problems resulting from Expansive soils. This paper presents a review of the swelling behavior of sand-clay mixtures as well as the effect of sand on the physical and mechanical characteristics of expansive soils. Results highlight the importance of sand in improving the behavior of expansive soils. Finally, the most important general conclusions about the behavior of expansive soils and suggestions for future researches are highlighted.

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“…Many studies have described the impact of different clay fractions on the shear strength behaviour. The stress–strain behaviour of clay–sand mixtures is significantly influenced by gradations and proportions of mix constituents 8 . Simpson and Evans 9 discussed the behavioural thresholds in sand and kaolinite clay mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear strength characteristics of a sand clay liner

Dafalla

Shaker

Elkady

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This study investigated shear strength behaviour of compacted sand–clay mixtures used as liners, with 10%, 20%, and 30% clay contents. A natural high-plasticity and highly expansive clay found in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia was used. A series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests and pore water pressure measurements of saturated samples with various clay contents and confining pressures was conducted using a computer-controlled Bishop and Wesley triaxial cell. The unit was equipped with pressure volume controllers and a pressure transducer for measuring sample volume changes and excess pore water pressure. The experimental test results indicate that clay content and confining pressure significantly affect stress strain response curves, pore water pressure generation curves, and steady-state shear strength. Sand–clay mixtures with clay content less than 10% showed a tendency toward contractive behaviour. The failure line slope increased in accordance with clay content increase. The deviator stress versus axial strain of saturated sand–clay mixtures indicated a hyperbolic trend. The stress ratio versus axial strain representation was more informative for the shear strength behaviour assessment. Clay content did not significantly affect critical-state friction angle. Scanning electron microscope images of the sand-clay mixtures with different clay contents are presented.

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Influence of gradation and proportion of sand on stress–strain behavior of clay–sand mixtures

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of clay content on the shear strength of clay–sand mixture

Effect of clay content on the shear strength of clay–sand mixture

Review of the effect of sand on the behavior of expansive clayey soils

Shear strength characteristics of a sand clay liner

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