“…Numerical analyses can be performed both at the material-level, to design the unit cell tailoring its THz response, and at the devicelevel, to analyse its performance during operation. Due to the complex structure of metamaterials, and to the dependence of their EM properties on the layout and geometry of the unit cell [35], the numerical analyses of metamaterials and metadevices for THz applications must be based on models with parametrized geometrical properties. For this reason, instead of classical analytical models, space-dependent models for FE and finite difference time domain (FDTD) techniques are generally adopted for this purpose.…”
Section: Models For Numerical Analysis Of Ageing and Wear Effect On T...mentioning
In the growing scenario of 2D material-based metamaterials and metasurfaces for Terahertz (THz) applications, assessing the impact of ageing and wear due to environmental stressors on the components’ performance is becoming mandatory to understand the long-term reliability of novel technologies. This paper introduces approaches to assess the ageing and wear effects on THz passive components through numerical simulations. For this purpose, common techniques for introducing 2D materials and thin metal layers in numerical models are discussed. As a case study, this work explores the effects of graphene degradation and reflective metal ageing on the electromagnetic (EM) response of a graphene-enhanced reflective grating for THz absorption and modulation by finite element (FE) analysis. The developed FE model is validated against experimental data obtained through THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (TTDS). By computing the device's transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra for degrading graphene and metal conductive properties, this work provides insights into the influence of ageing and wear on THz passive components.
“…Numerical analyses can be performed both at the material-level, to design the unit cell tailoring its THz response, and at the devicelevel, to analyse its performance during operation. Due to the complex structure of metamaterials, and to the dependence of their EM properties on the layout and geometry of the unit cell [35], the numerical analyses of metamaterials and metadevices for THz applications must be based on models with parametrized geometrical properties. For this reason, instead of classical analytical models, space-dependent models for FE and finite difference time domain (FDTD) techniques are generally adopted for this purpose.…”
Section: Models For Numerical Analysis Of Ageing and Wear Effect On T...mentioning
In the growing scenario of 2D material-based metamaterials and metasurfaces for Terahertz (THz) applications, assessing the impact of ageing and wear due to environmental stressors on the components’ performance is becoming mandatory to understand the long-term reliability of novel technologies. This paper introduces approaches to assess the ageing and wear effects on THz passive components through numerical simulations. For this purpose, common techniques for introducing 2D materials and thin metal layers in numerical models are discussed. As a case study, this work explores the effects of graphene degradation and reflective metal ageing on the electromagnetic (EM) response of a graphene-enhanced reflective grating for THz absorption and modulation by finite element (FE) analysis. The developed FE model is validated against experimental data obtained through THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (TTDS). By computing the device's transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra for degrading graphene and metal conductive properties, this work provides insights into the influence of ageing and wear on THz passive components.
This paper investigates the state-of-the-art of graphene-based technologies for the prospective use cases of end-to-end terahertz (THz) communication systems, such as industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). THz communications offer ultra-high throughput and enhanced sensing capabilities, enabling advanced applications like UAV swarms and integrated sensing, localization, and mapping. The potential of wireless THz communication can be unlocked by graphene technology. Graphene, owing to its remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, emerges as a promising candidate for a multitude of applications in aerial wireless communications in the THz band, including high-speed electronic devices, tunable metamaterials, and innovative antennas. However, reliable tools for the simulation-based design of graphene components, able to account for the fabrication-related uncertainties, are still missing. This paper presents the envisaged possibilities of wireless communications in THz bands, overviews graphene devices for RF applications at THz, and discusses the open issues of modelling THz devices and THz channel.
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