Influence of genetic regulatory effects modified by environmental immune activation on periapical disease

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the periradicular responses in endodontic infections among members of two populations: an urban Brazilian population and a non-mixed indigenous population. Samples were collected immediately and 7 days after the cleaning and shaping procedures (after reducing the intracanal microbial load) in an attempt to characterize the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17, IL-10, and the chemokines CXCR4, CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and CCR6. The endogenous cytokine and chemokine expression levels were analyzed using real-time PCR. Only the urban population showed a significant increase in TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCR4, and CCR6 expression following the cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. The IFN-γ levels were increased at the 2 nd collection (p < 0.05) in the indigenous population. In turn, a significant increase in IL-10 and IL-17 expression (p < 0.05) was observed after the cleaning and shaping procedures (2 nd collection) in both populations. No significant differences in the IL-1β, IL-9, and CCL4 expression levels were observed between the 1 st and 2 nd collections in both populations. The results demonstrate a cytokine and chemokine expression profile that is specific to each analyzed population. However, immune modulation mediated by IL-10 began on the 7 th day after the beginning of the endodontic treatment in both populations.

Effects of Nd: YAG laser on tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1beta and interferon‐gamma levels in teeth with apical periodontitis: A clinical study

“…The immune response in an inflammatory condition includes the rehabilitation and activation of macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, polymorpho‐nuclear (PMN) cells and B and T lymphocytes, as well as the expression of cytokines, chemokines, neuropeptides and arachidonic acid and its metabolites [20]. The cytokine structure is composed of proteins and has a critical role as a messenger molecule between host cells released by different immune cells in the treatment and pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, such as periradicular lesions [21].…”

“…Swelling in periapical lesions contains a large amount of IL‐4, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ [1]. Pathological bone resorption can be suppressed by the IFN‐γ inhibiting activity of mature osteoclasts induced by IL‐1 and TNF throughout inflammation [20]. In the present study, the presence of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IFN‐γ was detected in all periapical lesions, consistent with previous studies [6, 7].…”

The effect of Patient’s Race on the Outcome of Endodontic treatments: a pooled analysis of 1 year recall data from four Cone Beam Computed Tomography outcome studies

“…In all four studies, however, any patient presenting with immunosuppression were excluded and all diabetic patients were controlled through medication or diet, so this is unlikely to have had any affect upon outcome. It is worth noting however that the different racial backgrounds of patients may be associated with differences in the immunologic and in ammatory response to bacterial infection 53 .…”

The influence of patient race on the outcome of endodontic treatments: a pooled analysis of one-year recall data from four cone beam computed tomography outcome studies

“…It is worth noting, however, that the different racial backgrounds of patients may be associated with differences in the immunologic and inflammatory response to bacterial infection. 36 Differences in oral health care outcomes between ethnicities do exist and a range of suggestions have been made to account for them. These include differences in oral health knowledge 37 and low levels of attendance at dental clinics, despite relatively high levels of dental need.…”