Influence of gender, working field and psychosocial factors on the vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff: results of an Austrian cross‐sectional study
Abstract:Gender had a differential effect on perceived occupational stress indicating a need for gender-tailored preventive strategies. Age, working field, education, voluntarily occupational training during holidays and length of stay on job affect vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff.
“…Female nurses experienced more Cy than male nurses; nurses who worked <40 hr per week reported less Cy; and psychological demand was positively associated with Cy. In contrary to us, Schadenhofer et al () reported higher Cy among men. They explained the reason for their finding that female nurses often establish a deeper relationship with patients and have lower levels of Cy (Schadenhofer et al, ).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 84%
“…In contrary to us, Schadenhofer et al () reported higher Cy among men. They explained the reason for their finding that female nurses often establish a deeper relationship with patients and have lower levels of Cy (Schadenhofer et al, ). But, Li et al () did a study among 1,559 nurses in five hospitals of Shenyang, China, and found that female nurses reported more than 2 times cynicism compared to males (Li et al, ).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 84%
“…The same results have been found in several other studies as well (Amiri et al, ; Li et al, ). However, few studies found higher levels of emotional exhaustion among male nurses (Lin, Jiang, & Lam, ) and some studies did not find a significant relation between exhaustion and gender (Guo et al, ; Schadenhofer, Kundi, Abrahamian, Stummer, & Kautzky‐Willer, ). It is possible that male nurses can better manage emotional situations and are less affected by emotional exhaustion.…”
Aim
To investigate the relation between the circadian rhythm amplitude and stability, and occupational stress with burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among shift working nurses.
Background
Irregular shift working nurses are prone to burnout syndrome (BS) and job dissatisfaction (JD). circadian rhythm difference and occupational stress might be effective in causing burnout syndrome and dissatisfaction.
Design
In total, 684 nurses who worked in four teaching hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling in a cross‐sectional design based on STROBE guidelines.
Methods
The data were collected by the Circadian Type Inventory, Job Content Questionnaire, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multiple linear regression, one‐way ANOVA and independent t test were used for statistical analysis by SPSS v24.
Results
About 15% of the nurses suffered from high levels of burnout syndrome. Psychological demand (β = 0.022, CI 95% = 0.003‒0.047 and β = 0.016, CI 95% = 0.001‒0.032) and workplace support (β = −0.043, CI 95% = −0.097–0.003 and β = −0.025, CI 95% = −0.046–0.006) were significant predictors of BS and JD. Male nurses reported lower BS and higher JD compared to female nurses. Irregular shift working schedule was also related to a significantly higher odd of BS (p = 0.009) and JD (p = 0.011). Nurses classified as languid experienced significantly more BS and JD than vigorous nurses.
Conclusion
This study shows that BS and JD were strongly associated with psychological demand and workplace support; and vigorous nurses were less prone to BS and JD, and were more suitable for irregular shift work.
Relevance to clinical practice
In order to reduce burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses, we need to identify the effect of risk factors such as individual differences on the circadian rhythm and job demand which can affect nurses who work in irregular schedules.
“…Female nurses experienced more Cy than male nurses; nurses who worked <40 hr per week reported less Cy; and psychological demand was positively associated with Cy. In contrary to us, Schadenhofer et al () reported higher Cy among men. They explained the reason for their finding that female nurses often establish a deeper relationship with patients and have lower levels of Cy (Schadenhofer et al, ).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 84%
“…In contrary to us, Schadenhofer et al () reported higher Cy among men. They explained the reason for their finding that female nurses often establish a deeper relationship with patients and have lower levels of Cy (Schadenhofer et al, ). But, Li et al () did a study among 1,559 nurses in five hospitals of Shenyang, China, and found that female nurses reported more than 2 times cynicism compared to males (Li et al, ).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 84%
“…The same results have been found in several other studies as well (Amiri et al, ; Li et al, ). However, few studies found higher levels of emotional exhaustion among male nurses (Lin, Jiang, & Lam, ) and some studies did not find a significant relation between exhaustion and gender (Guo et al, ; Schadenhofer, Kundi, Abrahamian, Stummer, & Kautzky‐Willer, ). It is possible that male nurses can better manage emotional situations and are less affected by emotional exhaustion.…”
Aim
To investigate the relation between the circadian rhythm amplitude and stability, and occupational stress with burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among shift working nurses.
Background
Irregular shift working nurses are prone to burnout syndrome (BS) and job dissatisfaction (JD). circadian rhythm difference and occupational stress might be effective in causing burnout syndrome and dissatisfaction.
Design
In total, 684 nurses who worked in four teaching hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling in a cross‐sectional design based on STROBE guidelines.
Methods
The data were collected by the Circadian Type Inventory, Job Content Questionnaire, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multiple linear regression, one‐way ANOVA and independent t test were used for statistical analysis by SPSS v24.
Results
About 15% of the nurses suffered from high levels of burnout syndrome. Psychological demand (β = 0.022, CI 95% = 0.003‒0.047 and β = 0.016, CI 95% = 0.001‒0.032) and workplace support (β = −0.043, CI 95% = −0.097–0.003 and β = −0.025, CI 95% = −0.046–0.006) were significant predictors of BS and JD. Male nurses reported lower BS and higher JD compared to female nurses. Irregular shift working schedule was also related to a significantly higher odd of BS (p = 0.009) and JD (p = 0.011). Nurses classified as languid experienced significantly more BS and JD than vigorous nurses.
Conclusion
This study shows that BS and JD were strongly associated with psychological demand and workplace support; and vigorous nurses were less prone to BS and JD, and were more suitable for irregular shift work.
Relevance to clinical practice
In order to reduce burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses, we need to identify the effect of risk factors such as individual differences on the circadian rhythm and job demand which can affect nurses who work in irregular schedules.
“…As there is evidence for gender differences in coping with stress, it was assumed that perception of job‐related meaningfulness differs between female and male nurses (e.g., enhanced empathic capabilities in women – Tomova, von Dawans, Heinrichs, Silani, & Lamm, ). There is some evidence that nurses’ resources to prevent occupational stress are affected by age (Cheng, Chen, Chen, Burr, & Hasselhorn, ), length of stay on job (Kudo et al., ; Schadenhofer, Kundi, Abrahamian, Stummer, & Kautzky‐Willer, ), and their education (Brunetto et al., ; Norlund et al., ).Hypothesis 2: Perception of job‐related meaningfulness is influenced by socio‐demographic attributes such as gender, age, length of stay on job, and education.…”
Nursing managers may improve nurses' awareness of job-related meaningfulness by focusing on meaning-centred feed-back and counselling and thereby strengthening perception of concern, enthusiasm, relevance, efficacy, and satisfaction regarding their caring behaviour.
“…In the isolated analysis of the dimensions, and low personal fulfillment (PF) between 18.8% and 93.7% (14) . (15)(16) . In fact, the care process peculiar aspects contribute to the feminization of some occupations and professions, as observed in the health sector (15) .…”
Objective: to identify biopsychosocial factors at work associated with the Burnout Syndrome in mental health professionals. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted with a sample of 293 mental health service workers from the public network of a municipality in the inland of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. An instrument composed of three self-administered questionnaires was applied, namely: biosocial data form, the Job Stress Scale (JSS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI- HSS). The data were analyzed through the application of the Chi-squared and logistic regression tests, with the adoption of a 5% significance level. Results: Burnout Syndrome prevalence was 7% with a predominance of nursing professionals and was associated with the work sector, the use of psychotropic drugs, low satisfaction with the manager and with the low control over the work activity. Among the professionals with Burnout Syndrome, twelve performed functions considered of high wear, six performed passive work and two were in low wear activity. Conclusion: low control was the main psychosocial factor at work associated with Burnout Syndrome, making it necessary to develop actions that promote worker autonomy and improve the management of stress-triggering psychosocial factors.
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