Influence of gender, sex-role attitudes, and cognitive complexity on gender-dominant career choices.

Harren, Vincent A.; Kass, Richard A.; Tinsley, Howard E. A.; Moreland, James Porter

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.26.3.227

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Scores are the sum of items marked true for each subscale and range from 0 to 10. Test-retest reliability for the ACDM-S in previous research was found to be between .76 and .85 (Harren, Kass, Tinsley, & Moreland, 1979).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Effects of Marital Status and Motherhood on the Career Concerns of Reentry Women

Read¹,

Elliott²,

Escobar³

et al. 1988

The Career Development Quart

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Effects of Marital Status and Motherhood on the Career Concerns of Reentry Women

Read¹,

Elliott²,

Escobar³

et al. 1988

The Career Development Quart

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“…Harren, Kass, Tinsley, and Moreland (1979) found that the "most influential predictor of gender-dominated choices is gender" (p. 232). Yet lesbian women may be affected differently than are heterosexual women by sex-role attitudes that have been found to be a powerful decision-making influence in the career arena.…”

Section: Gender and Careermentioning

confidence: 97%

Career Counseling and Life Planning With Lesbian Women

Hetherington¹,

Orzek

1989

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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The psychological development and "coming out" process of lesbian women are examined with regard to career planning. The interaction of these issues with a model of lesbian identity provides a framework for career counselors who work with individuals or lesbian couples. F reud contended that the basic requirements of human existence are love and work. For women who are blending a lesbian life-style and a career, there are particular considerations that need to be examined before these requirements can be met. Both the "coming out" process and career planning entail various stages, neither of which follows a precise timetable for duration or age appropriateness. As they proceed through the career decision-making process, lesbian women may be influenced by different environmental, social, and intrapsychic factors than are heterosexual women. The purpose of this article is to examine how the psychological development and "coming out" process of lesbian women affect their career choices. The issues of dual careers and the implications of these concerns for counselors will also be discussed.Despite the stereotypes held by the general public concerning vocational choices of lesbian women, few empirical studies have focused on their career decision-making process. Etringer, Hetherington, and Hillerbrand (in press) surveyed lesbian, gay, and heterosexual college students on career decision making. Lesbian women showed the least amount of uncertainty, but lesbian women and heterosexual men were the most satisfied with their career choices. The reality of earning a living may be more apparent to lesbian women than to heterosexual women in college; thus, without the benefit of a possible male wage earner, lesbian women must be more seriously committed to work. Lesbian women may need to be more aware of their earning power than are heterosexual women, because it is likely that they will support themselves alone or with another woman. They will be unable to rely on the earning power of a man and men, on the average, earn 64% more than women do. In a study conducted by Sang (1977), those women who identified themselves as lesbians in adulthood assumed that they would be self-supporting from an early age. As a result, they may have chosen male-dominated careers in order to be more self-supportive.

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“…Four jobs were included in the study representing fields which are sex-typed in that they have stereotypical domination by one gender: police officer and assistant district attorney as male sextyped, and social worker and second grade teacher as female sex-typed. The criteria for sex typing were derived from the US 1980 Census figure which gives their distribution as follows: Researchers have shown that students' sex stereotyping of jobs corresponds to the statistical overrepresentation of a particular sex in any job (Harren, Kass, Tinsley, & Moreland, 1979). Indeed, in a pilot project for this study, ratings of sex typing for these four careers were collected from 65 college students who were asked to rate each job on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from very masculine to very feminine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Role Complementarity in Job Stereotypy

Koenig¹

1989

soc behav pers

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The effects of gender and sex role on the perceived suitability of hypothetical job applicants for sex-typed jobs were investigated. Six descriptions of applicants were presented to 605 college students, who were asked to rank order them on suitability for different jobs. The questionnaire each student received had 5 applicants with masculine first names and 1 with a feminine first name. Results showed no main effect due to either job sex-type, sex role of applicants, or gender of either applicant or student-rater. Interactional analyses, however, showed that for specific applicant job pairings where male applicants were ranked differently than female applicants, a complementarity of gender and sex role was evident. Specifically, the applicant with stereotypically masculine traits was ranked high when presented as a woman, while the applicant with stereotypically feminine traits was ranked high when presented as a man. It is suggested that this interaction effect is best explained by positing that gender-related stereotypes are implicity generated and that they complement sex role characteristics of the other sex. Thus, a woman with male sex role characteristics, or a man with female sex role characteristics, is seen as more adaptable or well-rounded than applicants whose sex roles are consonant with their gender.

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Influence of gender, sex-role attitudes, and cognitive complexity on gender-dominant career choices.

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

The Effects of Marital Status and Motherhood on the Career Concerns of Reentry Women

The Effects of Marital Status and Motherhood on the Career Concerns of Reentry Women

Career Counseling and Life Planning With Lesbian Women

Sex Role Complementarity in Job Stereotypy

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