Influence of Gender on the Outcome of Severe Sepsis

Comparative evaluation of epidemiology and outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 infections causing community- and healthcare-associated infections

“…Male gender was independently associated with failure for reasons that are undetermined. Earlier studies have also demonstrated worse outcome for males [34]. Additionally, history of MRSA infection within the previous year was associated more often with failure, as was prior fluoroquinolone consumption.…”

Circulating Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor: Endothelial Regulation and Cumulative Impact of Gender and A3 Haplotype

“…Whether males and females respond differently to infection, either in terms of the host response or the eventual outcome, is critically important for both clinical care and the design of future clinical trials of anti-infective therapies. Although data from animal studies strongly suggest that male gender is a risk factor for an adverse outcome from infection, clinical data are still conflicting [37,38,39]. No difference in EPCR expression (cell-bound and soluble forms) was observed related to gender on cultured EC suggesting that this regulation of sEPCR occurs in vivo.…”

Higher TNFα responses in young males compared to females are associated with attenuation of monocyte adenylyl cyclase expression

“…TNFa blocking strategies are effective against acute inflammation in animal models and in chronic autoimmune inflammation, but due to a central role of TNFa in mediating an efficient antibacterial response, anti-TNFa treatment may compromise the protective host response to infection [3]. In studies on sepsis patients of both genders, females were demonstrated to have an increased survival rate [4,5]. In animal models of sepsis or trauma-hemorrhage a striking gender-difference has been found.…”