Influence of Gaze Direction on Face Recognition: A Sensitive Effect

Daury, Noémy

doi:10.5334/pb-51-2-139

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We hypothesize that these longer reaction times potentially reflect a deeper cognitive elaboration throughout the study, with participants being more uncertain about the accuracy of their answer, since they never received any confirmation. Relevant to this issue is the finding that the memory bias for faces depicting direct gaze (e.g., Mason, Hood, & Macrae, 2004; Nakashima, Langton, & Yoshikawa, 2012) is affected by task instruction (Daury, 2011). Whereas a simple “old/new” task elicited a bias for faces with direct gaze, a more elaborate “remember/know/guess” task eliminated this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring facial identity and emotion integration using the redundancy gain paradigm

Vrancken

Vermeulen

Germeys

et al. 2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Early theories on face perception posit that invariant (i.e., identity) and changeable (i.e., expression) facial aspects are processed separately. However, many researchers have countered the hypothesis of parallel processes with findings of interactions between identity and emotion perception. The majority of tasks measuring interactions between identity and emotion employ a selective attention design, in which participants are instructed to attend to one dimension (e.g., identity) while the other dimension varies orthogonally (e.g., emotion), but is task irrelevant. Recently, a divided attention design (i.e., the redundancy gain paradigm) in which both identity and emotion are task relevant was employed to assess the interaction between identity and emotion. A redundancy gain is calculated by a drop in reaction time in trials in which a target from both dimensions is present in the stimulus face (e.g., “sad Person A”), compared with trials with only a single target present (e.g., “sad” or “Person A”). Redundancy gains are hypothesized to point to an interactive activation of both dimensions, and as such, could complement designs adopting a selective attention task. The initial aim of the current study was to reproduce the earlier findings with this paradigm on identity and emotion perception (Yankouskaya, Booth, & Humphreys, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74(8), 1692–1711, 2012), but our study failed to replicate the results. In a series of subtasks, multiple aspects of the design were manipulated separately in our goal to shed light on the factors that influence the redundancy gain effect in faces. A redundancy gain was eventually obtained after controlling for contingencies and stimulus presentation time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring facial identity and emotion integration using the redundancy gain paradigm

Vrancken

Vermeulen

Germeys

et al. 2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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show abstract

“…For example, many studies have claimed that direct-gaze faces draw attention towards themselves whereas faces with an averted gaze draw attention to the place they look at [8][9][10]94]. Several reports have suggested that gaze is a relevant cue for the recognition of gender, age, and emotional expression in a face [44,95,96], especially when gaze makes eye contact, as it provides a processing advantage that makes face detection faster [10,97]; this advantage is known as the eye-contact effect.…”

Section: Gaze Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of awareness in face processing: A critical review of interocular suppression studies

Lanfranco

Rabagliati²,

Carmel³

2023

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…For example, while direct-gaze faces draw attention towards themselves, faces with an averted gaze draw attention to the place they look at [7][8][9]81]. Several reports have suggested that gaze is a relevant cue for the recognition of gender, age, and emotional expression in a face [31,82,83], especially when gaze makes eye contact, as it provides a processing advantage that makes face detection faster [9,84]; this advantage is known as the eye-contact effect.…”

Section: Gaze Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of awareness in face processing: A critical review of interocular suppression studies

Lanfranco¹,

Rabagliati²,

Carmel³

2022

Preprint

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Human faces convey essential information for understanding others’ mental states and intentions. The importance of faces in social interaction has prompted suggestions that some relevant facial features such as configural information, emotional expression, and gaze direction may be processed unconsciously, yielding preferential access to awareness. This evidence has predominantly come from interocular suppression studies, with the most common method being the Breaking Continuous Flash Suppression procedure, which measures the time it takes different stimuli to overcome interocular suppression. Stimuli that overcome suppression faster arguably gain access to awareness faster. However, the procedures employed in such studies suffer from multiple methodological limitations. For example, they are unable to disentangle detection from identification processes, their results may be confounded by participants’ response bias and decision criteria, they typically use small stimulus sets, and some of their results attributed to detecting high-level facial features (e.g., emotional expression, gaze direction) may be confounded by differences in low-level visual features (e.g., contrast, spatial frequency). In this article, we review the evidence on whether relevant facial features promote access to awareness, we discuss the main limitations of the most popular methods used in the field, and we propose strategies to address these issues.

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Influence of Gaze Direction on Face Recognition: A Sensitive Effect

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Measuring facial identity and emotion integration using the redundancy gain paradigm

Measuring facial identity and emotion integration using the redundancy gain paradigm

The importance of awareness in face processing: A critical review of interocular suppression studies

The importance of awareness in face processing: A critical review of interocular suppression studies

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