Influence of Gallic Acid and Propylgallate on Antioxidant Defense Systems and Lipid Peroxidation in Mice.

Hundal, Manjinder Kaur; Jnagal, Sangeeta; Khanduja, Krishan Lal

doi:10.3164/jcbn.22.155

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Strong AA of GA is attributed to its ability to reduce oxidants and as well enhance endogenous antioxidant systems. In a study, GA and propyl gallate elevated glutathione reductase and catalase levels in hepatic cells, with the ability to protect against harmful effects of peroxides (Hundal et al., 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized pressurized hot water extraction, HPLC/LC‐MS characterization, and bioactivity of Tetrapleura tetraptera L. dry fruit polyphenols

Dzah

2022

Journal of Food Science

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Despite the global preference for green extraction methods in the recovery of plant bioactives, Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit polyphenols (TTP) are yet to receive considerable attention. For the first time, pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) of TTP was optimized for total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) using the Box Behnken design of response surface methodology. Predictor variables were time, temperature, and liquid‐to‐solid ratio. An optimum solution with a desirability of 0.805 was selected and parameters were 43 min, 220°C, and 60 ml g−1 liquid‐to‐solid ratio, yielding TPC of 8.92 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of sample on dry weight basis (GAE g−1 dw−1) and AA of 70.35%. Purified, optimized TTP were characterized and quantified using HPLC/LC‐MS. PHWE mainly extracted rutin (379.04 µg g−1), cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (chloride) (299.55 µg g−1), naringenin 7‐O‐glucoside (240.11 µg g−1), p‐coumaric acid (177.28 µg g−1), isorientin (150.43 µg g−1), and gallic acid (118.06 µg g−1) whereas cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (chloride) (83.27 µg g−1), protocatechuic acid (61.37 µg g−1), rutin (28.03 µg g−1), and gallic acid (22.62 µg g−1) were mainly extracted by hot water extraction, which was a control. PHWE‐obtained TTP showed higher cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity in human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2), and antimicrobial property against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis than control. The potential mechanisms underlying the biological activities of some of the major polyphenols extracted were briefly discussed. Considering the wide use of the T. tetraptera (TT) fruit in Africa in foods and medicine, the use of more efficient green extraction methods such as PHWE is recommended. Practical Application This study serves as a baseline for optimizing pressurized hot water extraction, purification, identification, and quantification of Tetrapleura tetraptera polyphenols (TTP) and their biological activities, being the first of its kind. The varied biological effects shown can be exploited further for applications of TTP as nutraceutical agents and preservatives in foods in different forms. Also, the high amounts of gallic acid and other phenolic acids and flavonoids confirmed in this study make TTP good candidates for the development of metal–phenol network nanoparticles to enhance adequate solubility and distribution in food systems in light of the above proposed applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized pressurized hot water extraction, HPLC/LC‐MS characterization, and bioactivity of Tetrapleura tetraptera L. dry fruit polyphenols

Dzah

2022

Journal of Food Science

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“…In particular, gallic acid, a main component in the lentisk extract 53 , is a strong electron donor to ROS 54 . For instance, in mouse, gallic acid provided indirect protection by elevating the hepatic levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, thereby potentially providing direct and indirect protection against the pernicious effects of H 2 O 2 55 . Changes in the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, Xct, Txnrd1, and NQO-1 through Nrf2 occur in a timeframe of 4–25 h 16 , and this was therefore not assessed in the present study, where exposure to oxidative challenge only lasted 2 h.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pistacia lentiscus extract enhances mammary epithelial cells’ productivity by modulating their oxidative status

Hadaya

Bransi-Nicola

Shalev

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We assessed the potential of phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus (lentisk) to enhance production of milk constituents in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MEC). MEC were exposed to 0 (control), 1 or 10 ppm of polyphenols from lentisk ethanolic extract (PLEE) for 24 h. PLEE were absorbed by the MEC plasma membrane, but also penetrated the cell to accumulate in and around the nucleus. PLEE increased triglyceride content in the cell and its secretion to the medium, and significantly increased intracellular lipid droplet diameter. Compared to control, PLEE increased dose-dependently the lactose synthesis, secretion of whey proteins, and contents of casein. To evaluate mitochondrial activity under pro-oxidant load, MEC were preincubated with PLEE and exposed for 2 h to H2O2. Exposure to H2O2 increased the proportion of cells with impaired mitochondrial membrane potential twofold in controls, but not in PLEE-pre-treated cells. Accordingly, proton leakage was markedly decreased by PLEE, and coupling efficiency between the respiratory chain and ATP production was significantly enhanced. Thus, lentisk polyphenols divert energy to production of milk fat, protein and lactose, with less energy directed to cellular damage control; alternatively, PLEE enables MEC to maintain energy and oxidative status under extreme metabolic rate required for milk production and secretion, and reduces the limitation on energy required to support production.

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“…22 Gallic acid and propyl gallate were shown to elevate the hepatic levels of GPx and CAT, although they had no effect on SOD activity and hence may provide protection against deleterious effects of lipid peroxides and hydrogen peroxide. 116 In another study on the effect of D-galactose in senescence accelerated mice (SAM) of different ages, a substantial decrease in the enzyme activities was observed. However, gallic acid treatment restored the activities of CAT and GPx, markedly decreased lipid peroxidation and reduced the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, kidney and liver.…”

Section: Rc + Aroh / Rh + Arocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications

2015

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Oxidative stress, a result of an overproduction and accumulation of free radicals, is the leading cause of several degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, ageing and inflammatory diseases. Polyphenols form an important class of naturally occurring antioxidants, having innumerable biological activities such as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer and anticholesterol, to name a few. Among various polyphenols, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a naturally occurring low molecular weight triphenolic compound, has emerged as a strong antioxidant and an efficient apoptosis inducing agent. Starting from the bioavailability and the biosynthetic pathway of gallic acid, this review includes various in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies providing the mode of action, radical scavenging activity, ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, maintenance of endogenous defense systems and metal ion chelation by this triphenolic molecule, along with a comprehensive overview of factors responsible for its high antioxidant activity. Gallic acid derivatives have also been found in a number of phytomedicines with diverse biological and pharmacological activities, including radical scavenging, interfering with the cell signaling pathways and apoptosis of cancer cells. The diverse range of applications of this simple polyphenol is due to a fine amalgam between its antioxidant and prooxidant potential. The existing literature on this dual behavior of gallic acid and its derivatives is reviewed here. This is followed by an account of their potential clinical and industrial applications.

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Influence of Gallic Acid and Propylgallate on Antioxidant Defense Systems and Lipid Peroxidation in Mice.

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Optimized pressurized hot water extraction, HPLC/LC‐MS characterization, and bioactivity of Tetrapleura tetraptera L. dry fruit polyphenols

Optimized pressurized hot water extraction, HPLC/LC‐MS characterization, and bioactivity of Tetrapleura tetraptera L. dry fruit polyphenols

Pistacia lentiscus extract enhances mammary epithelial cells’ productivity by modulating their oxidative status

Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications

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