Influence of fused deposition modeling process parameters on the mechanical properties of PETG parts

Srinivasan, Ramachandran; Prathap, P.; Raj, A. Joseph Rijul; Kannan, Sathish; Varandani, Deepak

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.809

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, as the layer thickness of the prints decreases, there is a noticeable improvement in the tensile strength of the parts for a fixed infill pattern and density. [16] Short carbon fiber reinforced composites exhibit significant drops in the measured tensile strength as the printing speed is increased. [17] The material flow rate and print acceleration also contribute to the production of parts with uniform thickness and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

et al. 2021

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Polymers and their composites have undergone massive development over the years through intensive research studies. The plethora of opportunities offered by these materials is greatly complimented by the advent of additive manufacturing. The present work analyses the mechanical properties of glycol-modified polyethylene glycol (PETG) reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay and short carbon fibers (SCF). This work is the first of its kind to offer a complete overview of the mechanical properties of the composites prepared by these materials through 3D printing without the application of any post-processing techniques. These materials are initially compounded and followed by extrusion using a single-screw extruder to obtain fine filaments of 1.75 mm diameter. The specimens of PETG composite filaments were 3D printed as per the ASTM standards, using fused deposition modeling technique without any post-processing. The fabricated PETG/OMMT/ SCF specimens are tested to study its tensile, compression, flexural, impact, and hardness properties. The fractured specimens from the tensile tests are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. It is seen that the addition of OMMT nanoclay improves the properties of the composites by a significant extent for most of the tests. However, the addition of SCF has a negligible effect on the properties of the composites due to the presence of interstitial voids and poor matrix-fiber bonding. This calls for additional process parameter variations and post-processing techniques like pre-stressing, annealing, and others. These composites can be used in a wide variety of applications ranging from secondary structures in aerospace, automotive applications to minor orthotic and prosthetic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

et al. 2021

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“…It is very interesting to note that the infill configuration showed strain at collapses value ~110% more than the solid baseline. It was found that processing variables such as raster width and angle, air gaps infill orientation and density, the thickness of layer and shell wall [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], layer orientation and height, the temperature of extruder and plate [ 15 , 43 ] significantly affect the mechanical performance of the finished product. It was proposed that the air gaps and shell values at 0 and 1 mm, respectively, resulted in improved mechanical properties [ 15 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Infill Design on the Tensile Response of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Polymer

et al. 2021

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The current study explores the effects of geometrical shapes of the infills on the 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) plastic on the tensile properties. For this purpose, by utilizing an accessible supply desktop printer, specimens of diamond, rectangular, and hexagonal infill patterns were produced using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. Additionally, solid samples were printed for comparison. The printed tensile test specimens were conducted at environmental temperature, Ta of 23 °C and crosshead speed, VC.H of 5 mm/min. Mainly, this study focuses on investigating the percentage infill with respect to the cross-sectional area of the investigated samples. The mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of toughness, ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, and percent elongation, were explored for each sample having a different geometrical infill design. The test outcomes for each pattern were systematically compared. To further validate the experimental results, a computer simulation using finite element analysis was also performed and contrasted with the experimental tensile tests. The experimental results mainly suggested a brittle behavior for solidly infilled specimen, while rectangular, diamond, and hexagonal infill patterns showed ductile-like behavior (fine size and texture of infills). This brittleness may be due to the relatively higher infill density results that led to the high bonding adhesion of the printed layers, and the size and thickness effects of the solid substrate. It made the solidly infilled specimen structure denser and brittle. Among all structures, hexagon geometrical infill showed relative improvement in the mechanical properties (highest ultimate tensile stress and modulus values 1759.4 MPa and 57.74 MPa, respectively) compared with other geometrical infills. Therefore, the geometrical infill effects play an important role in selecting the suitable mechanical property’s values in industrial applications.

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“…Furthermore, changes in the polymer chain formation may result in changes in mechanical properties, i.e., creep, modulus, and hardness, which are presented in continuation. Shorter chain lengths are known to reduce polymer elasticity, embrittle the polymer, and decrease viscosity [ 20 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes

et al. 2021

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The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling.

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Influence of fused deposition modeling process parameters on the mechanical properties of PETG parts

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

Investigation on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured PETG composites reinforced with OMMT nanoclay and carbon fibers

Evaluation of the Infill Design on the Tensile Response of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Polymer

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes

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